BET protein degraders

ABSTRACT

The present disclosure provides compounds represented by Formula I: and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates, and solvates thereof, wherein B, R 1 , R 5 , Q 1 , Q″, L, X, Y, and Z are as defined as set forth in the specification. The present disclosure also provides compounds of Formula I for use to treat a condition or disorder responsive to degradation of BET bromodomains such as cancer.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention

The present disclosure provides BET bromodomain protein degraders and therapeutic methods of treating conditions and diseases wherein degradation of one or more BET bromodomains provides a benefit

Background

The genomes of eukaryotic organisms are highly organized within the nucleus of the cell. The long strands of duplex DNA are wrapped around an octamer of histone proteins (usually comprising two copies of histones H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) to form a nucleosome, which then is further compressed to form a highly condensed chromatin structure. A range of different condensation states are possible, and the tightness of this structure varies during the cell cycle. The chromatin structure plays a critical role in regulating gene transcription, which cannot occur efficiently from highly condensed chromatin. The chromatin structure is controlled by a series of post translational modifications to histone proteins, notably histones H3 and H4. These modifications include acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitinylation, and SUMOylation.

Histone acetylation usually is associated with the activation of gene transcription, as the modification loosens the interaction of the DNA and the histone octamer by changing the electrostatics. In addition to this physical change, specific proteins bind to acetylated lysine residues within histones to read the epigenetic code. Bromodomains are small (about 110 amino acid) distinct domains within proteins that bind to acetylated lysine resides commonly, but not exclusively, in the context of histones. There is a family of about 50 proteins known to contain bromodomains, which have a range of functions within the cell.

The BET family of bromodomain-containing proteins (“BET bromodomains” or “BET bromodomain proteins”) includes four proteins, i.e., BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, and BRD-t, which contain tandem bromodomains capable of binding to two acetylated lysine residues in close proximity, thereby increasing the specificity of the interaction. BRD2 and BRD3 associate with histones along actively transcribed genes and may be involved in facilitating transcriptional elongation, while BRD4 may be involved in the recruitment of the pTEF-β complex to inducible genes, resulting in phosphorylation of RNA polymerase and increased transcriptional output. BRD4 or BRD3 also may fuse with NUT (nuclear protein in testis) forming novel fusion oncogenes, BRD4-NUT or BRD3-NUT, in a highly malignant form of epithelial neoplasia. Data suggests that BRD-NUT fusion proteins contribute to carcinogenesis. BRD-t is uniquely expressed in the testes and ovary. All family members have been reported to have some function in controlling or executing aspects of the cell cycle, and have been shown to remain in complex with chromosomes during cell division, which suggests a role in the maintenance of epigenetic memory. In addition, some viruses make use of these proteins to tether their genomes to the host cell chromatin as part of the process of viral replication.

A discussion of BET proteins can be found in WO 2012/075456, WO 2012/075383, and WO 2011/054864. A discussion of BET bromodomain inhibitors, e.g., I-BET-151 and I-BET-762, can be found in Delmore et al., Cell 146:904-917 (2011) and Seal et al., Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 22:2968-2972 (2012).

Small molecule inhibitors of BET bromodomains have therapeutic potential for the treatment of diseases and conditions in which BET bromodomains have a role, including cancer. BET bromodomain inhibitors are disclosed in the following U.S. patents: U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,044,042, 8,476,260, 8,114,995, 8,557,984, and 8,580,957; the following U.S. patent application publications: US 20120059002, US 20120208800, US 2012202799, US 2012252781, US 20130252331, US 20140011862, US 20130184264, US 2013079335, US 20140011862, US 20140005169, US 20130331382, US 20130281450, US 20130281399, US 20120157428, US 20100286127, US 20140256706, and US 2015/0246923; and the following international applications: WO 1998011111, WO 2006129623, WO 2008092231, WO 2009084693, WO 2009158404, WO 2010123975, WO 2011054843, WO 2011054844, WO 2011054845, WO 2011054846, WO 2011054848, WO 2011143651, WO 2011143660, WO 2011143669, WO 2011161031, WO 2012075383, WO 2012116170, WO 2012151512, WO 2012174487, WO 2013024104, WO 2013027168, WO 2013030150, WO 2013033268, WO 2013097601, and WO 2014164596.

Phthalimide-based drugs, e.g., thalidomide or lenalidomide, bind to protein-degradation machinery, e.g., cereblon (CRBN; part of an ubiquitin E3 ligase complex). This may promote the recruitment of two transcription factors (IKZF1 and IKZF3) that are essential to disease progression, resulting in drug-induced ubiquitylation and degradation by the proteasome. See, e.g., Ito et al., Science 327:1345-1350 (2010) and Winter et al., Science 348:1376-1381 (2015).

A high-affinity VHL ligand, see Bondeson et al., Nat. Chem. Biol. 11:611-617 (2015), may recruit a target protein to an E3 ubiquitin ligase, resulting in drug induced ubiquitination and degradation. See, e.g., van Hagen et al., Nucleic Acids Research 38: 1922-1931 (2010); Buckley et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134:4465-4468 (2012); Buckley et al., Angew, Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 51:11463-11467 (2012); Lipkowitz and Weissman, Nat Rev Cancer 11:629-643 (2011); and Zengerle et al., ACS Chem. Biol. 10:1770-1777 (2015).

There is an ongoing need for new agents, e.g., small molecules, for treating cancer and other diseases responsive to deregulation of BET bromodomain activity and/or degradation of BET bromodomain proteins.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In one aspect, the present disclosure provides compounds represented by any one of Formulae I-XM, below, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, collectively referred to as “Compounds of the Disclosure.” Compounds of the Disclosure are BET bromodomain protein degraders and thus are useful in treating diseases or conditions wherein degradation of BET bromodomains, e.g., BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, BRD-t, or an isoform or mutant thereof, provides a benefit.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides synthetic intermediates represented by Formula XIV or Formula XV, below, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, collectively referred to as “Intermediates of the Disclosure.” Intermediates of the Disclosure can be used to prepare BET bromodomain protein degraders having Formulae I-XIII.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides methods of treating a condition or disease by administering a therapeutically effective amount of a Compound of the Disclosure to an individual, e.g., a human, in need thereof. The disease or condition of interest is treatable by degradation of BET bromodomain proteins, for example, a cancer, a chronic autoimmune disorder, an inflammatory condition, a proliferative disorder, sepsis, or a viral infection. Also provided are methods of preventing the proliferation of unwanted proliferating cells, such as in cancer, in a subject comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a Compound of the Disclosure to a subject at risk of developing a condition characterized by unwanted proliferating cells. In some embodiments, the Compounds of the Disclosure reduce the proliferation of unwanted cells by inducing apoptosis in those cells.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides methods of treating a patient having cancer, comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a Compound of the Disclosure to the patient in need thereof, wherein cells of the patient contain a biomarker, e.g., overexpression of MCL-1 (also refered to as MCL1), overexpression of BCL-X_(L), or co-overexpression of MCL-1 and BCL-X_(L).

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides methods of reducing BET bromodomain protein within a cell of an individual in need thereof, the method comprising administering a Compound of the Disclosure to the individual.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of degrading BET bromodomain proteins in an individual, comprising administering to the individual an effective amount of at least one Compound of the Disclosure.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a Compound of the Disclosure and an excipient and/or pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a composition comprising a Compound of the Disclosure and an excipient and/or pharmaceutically acceptable carrier for use treating diseases or conditions wherein degradation of BET bromodomain proteins provides a benefit, e.g., cancer.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a composition comprising: (a) a Compound of the Disclosure; (b) a second therapeutically active agent; and (c) optionally an excipient and/or pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a Compound of the Disclosure for use in treatment of a disease or condition of interest, e.g., cancer.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a use of a Compound of the Disclosure for the manufacture of a medicament for treating a disease or condition of interest, e.g., cancer.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a kit comprising a Compound of the Disclosure, and, optionally, a packaged composition comprising a second therapeutic agent useful in the treatment of a disease or condition of interest, and a package insert containing directions for use in the treatment of a disease or condition, e.g., cancer.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides methods of preparing Compounds of the Disclosure.

Additional embodiments and advantages of the disclosure will be set forth, in part, in the description that follows, and will flow from the description, or can be learned by practice of the disclosure. The embodiments and advantages of the disclosure will be realized and attained by means of the elements and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing summary and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and are not restrictive of the invention as claimed.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is an illustration showing that BET protein degraders induce degradation of BET proteins and apoptosis in MOLM-13 leukemia cells (at 2 hours).

FIG. 2 is an illustration showing that BET protein degraders induce degradation of BET proteins and apoptosis in MOLM-13 leukemia cells (at 8 hours).

FIG. 3 is an illustration showing that BET protein degraders induce degradation of BET proteins and apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells (at 2 hours).

FIG. 4 is an illustration showing that BET protein degraders induce degradation of BET proteins and apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells (at 40 hours).

FIG. 5 is an illustration showing that Cpd. No. 9 (10 mg/kg, intravenous dosing) induces degradation of BET proteins in MDA-MB-231 tumor tissue in mice.

FIG. 6 is an illustration showing that Cpd. No. 4 (5 mg/kg, intravenous dosing) induces degradation of BET proteins in MDA-MB-231 tumor tissue in mice.

FIG. 7 is a line graph showing that Cpd. No. 9 reduces tumor growth in the MDA-MB-231 xenograft model in mice.

FIG. 8 is a line graph showing that Cpd. No. 4 reduces tumor growth in the WHIM24 PDX model in mice.

FIG. 9 is a line graph showing that Cpd. No. 4 reduces tumor growth in the MDA-MB-453 xenograft model in mice.

FIG. 10 is a line graph showing that Cpd. Nos. 4 and 6 reduce tumor growth in the MDA-MB-231 xenograft model in mice.

FIG. 11 is a line graph showing that Cpd. Nos. 4 and 6 reduce tumor growth in the MDA-MB-468 xenograft model in mice.

FIG. 12 is a bar graph showing that Cpd. No. 4 induces apoptosis in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines.

FIG. 13 is an illustration showing that Cpd. No. 4 induces downregulation of MCL1 protein in MDA-MB-468 cells.

FIG. 14 is a bar graph showing that small-molecule BCL-XL inhibitors enhance apoptosis induction by Cpd. No. 4 in MDA-MB-468 cells.

FIG. 15 is a bar graph showing that BM-1197 enhances apoptosis induction by Cpd. No. 4 in MDA-MB-213 cells.

FIG. 16 is a bar graph showing that BM-1197 enhances apoptosis induction by Cpd. No. 4 in MDA-MB-453 cells.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Compounds of the Disclosure degrade BET bromodomain proteins.

In one embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula I-A:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein:

B is a monovalent radical of a ligand for an E3 ubiquitin ligase protein, e.g., B is:

R¹ is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, and —N(H)R³;

Q¹ is ═CH— and Q² is —N═; or

Q¹ is ═N— and Q² is —CH═; or

Q¹ is ═N— and Q² is —N═;

R³ is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted aryl and optionally substituted heteroaryl;

X is selected from the group consisting of —C(═O)N(R^(2a))—, —CH₂N(R^(2b))—, —CH₂O—, —N(R^(2c))—, —O—, and —CH₂—;

wherein the nitrogen atom of —C(═O)N(R^(2a))— and —CH₂N(R^(2b))— is attached to L², and the oxygen atom of —CH₂O— is attached to L²;

L² is selected from the group consisting of alkylenyl, heteroalkylenyl, -A⁴-(CH₂)_(m)—W—(CH₂)_(n)—, and —(CH₂)_(m)—W—(CH₂)_(u)—O—(CH₂)_(v)—;

A⁴ is selected from the group consisting of 5-membered heteroarylenyl and 6-membered heteroarylenyl; or

A⁴ is absent;

W is selected from the group consisting of phenylenyl, 5-membered heteroarylenyl, 6-membered heteroarylenyl, heterocyclenyl, and cycloalkylenyl;

m is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7;

n is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8;

u is 0, 1, 2, or 3;

v is 1, 2, 3, or 4;

Y is selected from the group consisting of —C≡C—, —CH₂—, —O—, —N(R^(2d))—, —C(═O)N(R^(2e))—, —N(R^(2f))C(═O)CH₂O—, and —N(R^(2g))C(═O)CH₂N(R^(2h))—; or

Y is absent;

wherein the carboxamide nitrogen atom of —N(R^(2f))C(═O)CH₂O— and —N(R^(2g))C(═O)CH₂N(R^(2h))—, and the carbon atom of —C(═O)N(R^(2c))— is attached to L²;

R^(2a), R^(2b), R^(2c), R^(2d), R^(2e), R^(2f), R^(2g), and R^(2h) are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C₁₋₄ alkyl;

Z is selected from the group consisting of —CH₂ and —C(═O)—; and

R⁵ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, and fluoro;

A¹ is selected from the group consisting of —C(R^(16a))═ and —N═;

A² is selected from the group consisting of —C(R^(16b))═ and —N═;

A³ is selected from the group consisting of —C(R^(16c))═ and —N═;

with the proviso that Y is absent when B is B-2.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula I-A, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates thereof, wherein L² is selected from the group consisting of:

In another embodiment, m is 0. In another embodiment, n is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5. In another embodiment, L² is L²-1. In another embodiment, L² is L²-2.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula I-A, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates thereof, wherein L² is selected from the group consisting of:

Q³ is selected from the group consisting of —O—, —S—, and —N(R⁶)—; and R⁶ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C₁₋₄ alkyl. In another embodiment, m is 0. In another embodiment, n is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5. In another embodiment, n is 2, 3, or 4. In another embodiment, L² is L²-3. In another embodiment, L² is L²-4. In another embodiment, L² is L²-5. In another embodiment, L² is L²-6. In another embodiment, L² is L²-7. In another embodiment, L² is L²-8. In another embodiment, L² is L²-9.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula I-A, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates thereof, wherein L² is selected from the group consisting of:

In another embodiment, m is 0. In another embodiment, n is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5. In another embodiment, n is 2, 3, or 4. In another embodiment, L² is L²-10. In another embodiment, L² is L²-11. In another embodiment, L² is L²-12. In another embodiment, L² is L²-13.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula I-A, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates thereof, wherein L² is selected from the group consisting of:

In another embodiment, m is 1, 2, or 3. In another embodiment, n is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4. In another embodiment, n is 0, 1, or 2. In another embodiment, L² is L²-14. In another embodiment, L² is L²-15. In another embodiment, L² is L²-16. In another embodiment, L² is L²-17. In another embodiment, L² is L²-18.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula I-A, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates thereof, wherein L² is selected from the group consisting of:

In another embodiment, m is 1, 2, or 3. In another embodiment, n is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4. In another embodiment, n is 1 or 2. In another embodiment, L² is L²-19. In another embodiment, L² is L²-20.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula I-A, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates thereof, wherein L² is selected from the group consisting of:

In another embodiment, m is 1, 2, or 3. In another embodiment, n is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5. In another embodiment, L² is L²-21. In another embodiment, L² is L²-22. In another embodiment, A⁴ is 5-membered heteroarylenyl. In another embodiment, A⁴ is 6-membered heteroarylenyl.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula I-A, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates thereof, wherein L² is selected from the group consisting of:

Q³ is selected from the group consisting of —O—, —S—, and —N(R⁶)—; and R⁶ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C₁₋₄ alkyl. In another embodiment, m is 1, 2, or 3. In another embodiment, n is 1, 2, 3, or 4. In another embodiment, n is 2, 3, or 4. In another embodiment, L² is L²-23. In another embodiment, L² is L²-24. In another embodiment, L² is L²-25. In another embodiment, L² is L²-26. In another embodiment, L² is L²-27. In another embodiment, L² is L²-28. In another embodiment, L² is L²-29. In another embodiment, A⁴ is 5-membered heteroarylenyl. In another embodiment, A⁴ is 6-membered heteroarylenyl.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula I-A, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates thereof, wherein L² is selected from the group consisting of:

In another embodiment, m is 1, 2, or 3. In another embodiment, n is 1, 2, 3, or 4. In another embodiment, n is 2, 3, or 4. In another embodiment, L² is L²-30. In another embodiment, L² is L²-31. In another embodiment, L² is L²-32. In another embodiment, L² is L²-33. In another embodiment, A⁴ is 5-membered heteroarylenyl. In another embodiment, A⁴ is 6-membered heteroarylenyl.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula I-A, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates thereof, wherein L² is selected from the group consisting of:

In another embodiment, m is 1, 2, or 3. In another embodiment, n is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4. In another embodiment, n is 0, 1, or 2. In another embodiment, L² is L²-34. In another embodiment, L² is L²-35. In another embodiment, L² is L²-36. In another embodiment, L² is L²-37. In another embodiment, L² is L²-38. In another embodiment, A⁴ is 5-membered heteroarylenyl. In another embodiment, A⁴ is 6-membered heteroarylenyl.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula I-A, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates thereof, wherein L² is selected from the group consisting of:

In another embodiment, m is 1, 2, or 3. In another embodiment, n is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4. In another embodiment, n is 1 or 2. In another embodiment, L² is L²-39. In another embodiment, L² is L²-40. In another embodiment, A⁴ is 5-membered heteroarylenyl. In another embodiment, A⁴ is 6-membered heteroarylenyl.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula I-A, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates thereof, wherein B is B-1a. In another embodiment, B is B-2. In another embodiment, B is B-3.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula I:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein:

B is selected from the group consisting of:

R¹ is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, and —N(H)R³;

Q¹ is ═CH— and Q² is —N═; or

Q¹ is ═N— and Q² is —CH═; or

Q¹ is ═N— and Q² is —N═;

R³ is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted aryl and optionally substituted heteroaryl;

X is selected from the group consisting of —C(═O)N(R^(2a))—, —CH₂N(R^(2b))—, —CH₂O—, —N(R^(2c))—, —O—, and —CH₂—;

wherein the nitrogen atom of —C(═O)N(R^(2a))— and —CH₂N(R^(2b))— is attached to L, and the oxygen atom of —CH₂O— is attached to L;

L is selected from the group consisting of alkylenyl, heteroalkylenyl, and —(CH₂)_(m)—W—(CH₂)_(n)—;

W is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted phenylenyl, optionally substituted 5-membered heteroarylenyl, and optionally substituted 6-membered heteroarylenyl;

m is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7;

nis 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8;

Y is selected from the group consisting of —C≡C—, —CH₂—, —O—, —N(R^(2d))—, —C(═O)N(R^(2e))—, —N(R^(2f))C(═O)CH₂O—, and —N(R^(2g))C(═O)CH₂N(R^(2h))—; or

Y is absent, i.e., B is directly attached to L;

wherein the carboxamide nitrogen atom of —N(R^(2g))C(═O)CH₂O— and —N(R^(2g))C(═O)CH₂N(R^(2h))—, and the carbon atom of —C(═O)N(R^(2e))— is attached to L;

R^(2a), R^(2b), R^(2c), R^(2d), R^(2e), R^(2f), R^(2g), and R^(2h) are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C₁₋₄ alkyl;

Z is selected from the group consisting of —CH₂ and —C(═O)—; and

R⁵ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, and fluoro,

with the proviso that Y is absent when B is B-2.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula II:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein:

R¹ is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted awl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, and —N(H)R³;

Q¹ is ═CH— and Q² is —N═; or

Q¹ is ═N— and Q² is —CH═; or

Q¹ is ═N— and Q² is —N═;

R³ is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted aryl and optionally substituted heteroaryl;

X is selected from the group consisting of —C(═O)N(R^(2a))—, —CH₂N(R^(2b))—, —CH₂O—, —N(R^(2c))—, —O—, and —CH₂—;

wherein the nitrogen atom of —C(═O)N(R^(2a))— and —CH₂N(R^(2b))— is attached to L, and the oxygen atom of —CH₂O— is attached to L;

L is selected from the group consisting of alkylenyl, heteroalkylenyl, and —(CH₂)_(m)—W—(CH₂)_(n)—;

W is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted phenylenyl, optionally substituted 5-membered heteroarylenyl, and optionally substituted 6-membered heteroarylenyl;

m is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7;

n is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8;

Y is selected from the group consisting of —C≡C—, —CH₂—, —O—, —N(R^(2d))—, —C(═O)N(R^(2e))—, —N(R^(2f))C(═O)CH₂O—, and —N(R^(2g))C(═O)CH₂N(R^(2h))—; or

Y is absent;

wherein the carboxamide nitrogen atom of —N(R^(2f))C(═O)CH₂O— and —N(R^(2g))C(═O)CH₂N(R^(2h))—, and the carbon atom of —C(═O)N(R²)— is attached to L;

R^(2a), R^(2b), R^(2c), R^(2d), R^(2e), R^(2f), R^(2g), and R^(2h) are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C₁₋₄ alkyl;

Z is selected from the group consisting of —CH₂ and —C(═O)—; and

R⁵ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, and fluoro.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula III:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein:

R¹ is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted awl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, and —N(H)R³;

Q¹ is ═CH— and Q² is —N═; or

Q¹ is ═N— and Q² is —CH═; or

Q¹ is ═N— and Q² is —N═;

R³ is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted aryl and optionally substituted heteroaryl;

X is selected from the group consisting of —C(═O)N(R^(2a))—, —CH₂N(R^(2b))—, —CH₂O—, —N(R^(2c))—, —O—, and —CH₂—;

wherein the nitrogen atom of —C(═O)N(R^(2a))— and —CH₂N(R^(2b))— is attached to L, and the oxygen atom of —CH₂O— is attached to L;

L is selected from the group consisting of alkylenyl, heteroalkylenyl, and —(CH₂)_(m)—W—(CH₂)_(n)—;

W is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted phenylenyl, optionally substituted 5-membered heteroarylenyl, and optionally substituted 6-membered heteroarylenyl;

m is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7;

n is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8; and

R^(2a), R^(2b), and R^(2c) are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C₁₋₄ alkyl.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by any one of Formulae I-A or I-III, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein Q¹ is ═CH— and Q² is —N═.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by any one of Formulae I-A or I-III, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein Q¹ is ═N— and Q² is —CH═.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by any one of Formulae I-A or I-III, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein Q¹ is ═N— and Q² is —N═.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by any one of Formulae I-A or I-III, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein X is selected from the group consisting of —C(═O)N(H)—, —CH₂O—, —CH₂N(H)—.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formulae I-A, I or II, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein Y is selected from the group consisting of —C≡C—, —O—, —N(H)—, —C(═O)N(H)—N(H)C(═O)CH₂O—, and —N(H)C(═O)CH₂N(H)—. In another embodiment, Y is selected from the group consisting of —C≡C—, —O—, —N(H)—, and —C(═O)N(H)—. In another embodiment, Y is selected from the group consisting of —C≡C—, —O—, and —N(H)—.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formulae I-A, I or II, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein Y is absent.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by any one of Formulae I-III, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein L is C₁₋₁₂ alkylenyl.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by any one of Formulae I-III, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein L is selected from the group consisting of —CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂CH₂—, —CH₂(CH₂)₂CH₂—, —CH₂(CH₂)₃CH₂—, —CH₂(CH₂)₄CH₂—, —CH₂(CH₂)₅CH₂—, and —CH₂(CH₂)₆CH₂—.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by any one of Formulae I-III, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein L is 3- to 20-membered heteroalkylenyl.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by any one of Formulae I-III, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein:

L is selected from the group consisting of —(CH₂)_(o)O—(CH₂CH₂O)_(p)—(CH₂)_(q)— and —(CH₂)_(r)O—(CH₂)_(s)—O(CH₂)_(t)—;

o is 2 or 3;

p is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7;

q is 2 or 3;

r is 2, 3, or 4;

s is 3, 4, or 5; and

t is 2 or 3.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by any one of Formulae I-III, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein L is selected from the group consisting of

—CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂—,

—CH₂CH₂O(CH₂CH₂O)₂CH₂CH₂—,

—CH₂CH₂O(CH₂CH₂O)₃CH₂CH₂—,

—CH₂CH₂O(CH₂CH₂O)₄CH₂CH₂—,

—CH₂CH₂O(CH₂CH₂O)₆CH₂CH₂—,

—CH₂CH₂O(CH₂CH₂O)₆CH₂CH₂—,

—CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂—,

—CH₂CH₂CH₂O(CH₂CH₂O)₂CH₂CH₂CH₂—, and

—CH₂CH₂CH₂O(CH₂)₄OCH₂CH₂CH₂—.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by any one of Formulae I-III, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein L is —(CH₂)_(m)—W—(CH₂)_(n)—. In another embodiment, m is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4. In another embodiment, n is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by any one of Formulae I-III, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein W is phenylenyl.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by any one of Formulae I-III, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, W is 5-membered heteroarylenyl.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by any one of Formulae I-III, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein W is 6-membered heteroarylenyl.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by any one of Formulae I-III, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein L is selected from the group consisting of:

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by any one of Formulae I-III, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein:

L is selected from the group consisting of:

Q³ is selected from the group consisting of —O—, —S—, and —N(R⁶)—; and

R⁶ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C₁₋₄ alkyl.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by any one of Formulae I-III, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein L is selected from the group consisting of:

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula IV,

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein:

Y is selected from the group consisting of —C≡C—, —CH₂—, and —N(H)—; or

Y is absent;

m is 1, 2, or 3;

n is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; and

B, R¹, R⁵, and Z are as defined in connection with Formula I.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula IV, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein B is B-1, B-2, or B3. In another embodiment, B is B-1a.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula IV, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein B is B-1 and Y is selected from the group consisting of —C≡C—, —CH₂—, and —N(H)—.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula IV, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein B is B-2 and Y is absent.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula V:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein:

Y is selected from the group consisting of —C≡C—, —CH₂—, and —N(H)—; or

Y is absent;

m is 0, 1, or 2;

n is 0, 1, 2, or 3; and

B, R¹, R⁵, and Z are as defined in connection with Formula I.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula V, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein B is B-1, B-2, or B3. In another embodiment, B is B-1a.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula V, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein B is B-1 and Y is selected from the group consisting of —C≡C—, —CH₂—, and —N(H)—.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula V, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein B is B-2 and Y is absent.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula VI:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein:

Y is selected from the group consisting of —C≡C—, —CH₂—, and —N(H)—; or

Y is absent;

R⁶ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and methyl;

m is 0, 1, 2, or 3;

n is 1, 2, or 3; and

B, R¹, R⁵, and Z are as defined in connection with Formula I.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula VI, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein B is B-1, B-2, or B3. In another embodiment, B is B-1a.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula VI, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein B is B-1 and Y is selected from the group consisting of —C≡C—, —CH₂—, and —N(H)—.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula VI, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein B is B-2 and Y is absent.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula VII:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein:

Y is selected from the group consisting of —C≡C—, —CH₂—, and —N(H)—; or

Y is absent;

R⁶ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and methyl;

m is 0, 1, 2, or 3;

n is 1, 2, or 3; and

B, R¹, R⁵, and Z are as defined in connection with Formula I.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula VII, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein B is B-1, B-2, or B3. In another embodiment, B is B-1a.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula VII, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein B is B-1 and Y is selected from the group consisting of —C≡—, —CH₂—, and —N(H)—.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula VII, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein B is B-2 and Y is absent.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula VIII:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein:

Y is selected from the group consisting of —C≡C—, —CH₂—, and —N(H)—; or

Y is absent

m is 1, 2, or 3;

n is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; and

B, R¹, R⁵, and Z are as defined in connection with Formula I.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula VIII, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein B is B-1, B-2, or B3. In another embodiment, B is B-1a.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula VIII, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein B is B-1 and Y is selected from the group consisting of —C≡C—, —CH₂—, and —N(H)—.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula VIII, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein B is B-2 and Y is absent.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula IX:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein:

Y is selected from the group consisting of —C≡C—, —CH₂—, and —N(H)—; or

Y is absent;

m is 0, 1, or 2;

n is 0, 1, 2, or 3; and

B, R¹, R⁵, and Z are as defined in connection with Formula I.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula IX, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein B is B-1, B-2, or B3. In another embodiment, B is B-1a.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula IX, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein B is B-1 and Y is selected from the group consisting of —C≡C—, —CH₂—, and —N(H)—.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula IX, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein B is B-2 and Y is absent.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula X:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein:

Y is selected from the group consisting of —C≡C—, —CH₂—, and —N(H)—; or

Y is absent;

m is 0, 1, or 2;

n is 0, 1, 2, or 3; and

B, R¹, R⁵, and Z are as defined in connection with Formula I.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula X, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein B is B-1, B-2, or B3. In another embodiment, B is B-1a.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula X, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein B is B-1 and Y is selected from the group consisting of —C≡C—, —CH₂—, and —N(H)—.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula X, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein B is B-2 and Y is absent.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula XI:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein:

Y is selected from the group consisting of —C≡C—, —CH₂—, and —N(H)—; or

Y is absent;

m is 0, 1, or 2;

n is 0, 1, 2, or 3; and

B, R¹, R⁵, and Z are as defined in connection with Formula I.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula XI, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein B is B-1, B-2, or B3. In another embodiment, B is B-1a.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula XI, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein B is B-1 and Y is selected from the group consisting of —C≡C—, —CH₂—, and —N(H)—.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula XI, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein B is B-2 and Y is absent.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula XII:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein:

Y is selected from the group consisting of —C≡C—, —CH₂—, and —N(H)—; or

Y is absent;

m is 0, 1, or 2;

n is 0, 1, 2, or 3; and

B, R¹, R⁵, and Z are as defined in connection with Formula I.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula XII, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein B is B-1, B-2, or B3. In another embodiment, B is B-1a.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula XII, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein B is B-1 and Y is selected from the group consisting of —C≡C—, —CH₂—, and —N(H)—.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula XII, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein B is B-2 and Y is absent.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula XIII:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein:

Y is selected from the group consisting of —C≡C—, —CH₂—, and —N(H)—; or

Y is absent;

m is 0, 1, or 2;

n is 0, 1, 2, or 3; and

B, R¹, R⁵, and Z are as defined in connection with Formula I.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula XIII, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein B is B-1, B-2, or B3. In another embodiment, B is B-1a.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula XIII, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein B is B-1 and Y is selected from the group consisting of —C≡C—, —CH₂—, and —N(H)—.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula XIII, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein B is B-2 and Y is absent

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by any one of Formulae I-XIII, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein R¹ is optionally substituted aryl. In another embodiment, R¹ is selected from the group consisting of:

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by any one of Formulae I-XIII, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein R¹ is optionally substituted heteroaryl. In another embodiment, R¹ is selected from the group consisting of:

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by any one of Formulae I-XIII, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein R¹ is —N(H)R³.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by any one of Formulae I-XIII, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein R¹ is —N(H)R³ and R³ is optionally substituted awl. In another embodiment, R³ is:

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by any one of Formulae I-XIII, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein R¹ is —N(H)R³ and R³ is optionally substituted heteroaryl. In another embodiment, R³ is selected from the group consisting of:

In another embodiment, R³ is:

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by any one of Formulae I, II, or IV-XIII, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein B is B-1 and Z is —CH₂—.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by any one of Formulae I, II, or IV-XIII, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein B is B-1 and Z is —C(═O)—.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by any one of Formulae I, II, or IV-XIII, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein B is B-1 and R⁵ is hydrogen.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by any one of Formulae I, II, or IV-XIII, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein B is B-1a. In another embodiment, A¹ is —C(R^(16a))═ and R^(16a) is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and halo. In another embodiment, A² is —C(R^(16b))═ and R^(16b) is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and halo. In another embodiment, A³ is —C(R^(16c))═ and R^(16c) is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and halo. In another embodiment, A¹ is —N═, A² is —C(R^(16b))═, and A³ is —C(R^(16c))═. In another embodiment, A¹ is —C(R^(16a))═, A² is —N═, and A³ is —C(R^(16c))═. In another embodiment, A¹ is —C(R^(16a))═, A² is —C(R^(16b))═ and A³ is —N═. In another embodiment, Z— is —CH₂—. In another embodiment, Z is —C(═O)—. In another embodiment, R⁵ is hydrogen.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by any one of Formulae I, II, or IV-XIII, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein B is B-3.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds of Table 1, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof.

TABLE 1 Cpd. No. Structure  1

 2

 3

 4

 5

 6

 7

 8

 9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

51

52

53

54

55

56

57

58

59

60

61

62

63

64

65

66

67

68

69

70

71

72

Intermediates of the Disclosure are compounds that can be used as synthetic intermediates to prepare Compounds of the Disclosure. In one embodiment, Intermediates of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula XIV:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein:

R¹ is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted awl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, and —N(H)R³;

Q¹ is ═CH— and Q² is —N═; or

Q¹ is ═N— and Q² is —CH═; or

Q¹ is ═N— and Q² is —N═; and

R³ is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted aryl and optionally substituted heteroaryl;

R^(7a) is selected from the group consisting of chloro and —OR^(7b); and

R^(7b) is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C₁₋₄ alkyl.

In one embodiment, Intermediates of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula XIV, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein R^(7a) is —OR^(7b) and R^(7b) is hydrogen.

In another embodiment, Intermediates of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula XIV, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein R¹ is optionally substituted aryl. In another embodiment, R¹ is selected from the group consisting of:

In another embodiment, Intermediates of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula XIV, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein R¹ is optionally substituted heteroaryl. In another embodiment, R¹ is selected from the group consisting of:

In another embodiment, Intermediates of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula XIV, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein R¹ is —N(H)R³.

In another embodiment, Intermediates of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula XIV, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein R¹ is —N(H)R³ and R³ is optionally substituted aryl. In another embodiment, R³ is:

In another embodiment, Intermediates of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula XIV, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein R¹ is —N(H)R³ and R³ is optionally substituted heteroaryl. In another embodiment, R³ is selected from the group consisting of:

In another embodiment, R³ is:

In another embodiment, Intermediates of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula XV:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein:

B is selected from the group consisting of:

L is selected from the group consisting of alkylenyl, heteroalkylenyl, and —(CH₂)_(m)—W—(CH₂)_(n)—;

W is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted phenylenyl, optionally substituted 5-membered heteroarylenyl, and optionally substituted 6-membered heteroarylenyl;

m is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7;

n is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8;

Y is selected from the group consisting of —C≡C—, —CH₂—, —O—, —N(R^(2d))—, —C(═O)N(R^(2e))—, —N(R^(2f))C(═O)CH₂O—, and —N(R^(2g))C(═O)CH₂N(R^(2h))—; or

Y is absent;

wherein the carboxamide nitrogen atom of —N(R^(2f))C(═O)CH₂O— and —N(R^(2g))C(═O)CH₂N(R^(2h))—, and the carbon atom of —C(═O)N(R^(2e))— is attached to L;

R^(2d), R^(2e), R^(2f), R^(2g), and R^(2h) are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C₁₋₄ alkyl;

Z is selected from the group consisting of —CH₂ and —C(═O)—; and

R⁵ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and fluoro,

with the proviso that Y is absent when B is B-2.

In another embodiment, Intermediates of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula XVI:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein L, Y, Z, and R⁵ are as defined in connection with Formula XV.

In another embodiment, Intermediates of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula XVII:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein L is as defined in connection with Formula XV.

In another embodiment, Intermediates of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formulae XV or XVI, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein Y is selected from the group consisting of —C≡C—, —O—, —N(H)—, —C(═O)N(H)—, —N(H)C(═O)CH₂O—, and —N(H)C(═O)CH₂N(H)—. In another embodiment, Y is selected from the group consisting of —C≡C—, —O—, —N(H)—, and —C(═O)N(H)—. In another embodiment, Y is selected from the group consisting of —C≡C—, —O—, and —N(H)—.

In another embodiment, Intermediates of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formulae XV or XVI, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein Y is absent.

In another embodiment, Intermediates of the Disclosure are compounds represented by any one of Formulae XV-XVII, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein L is C₁₋₁₂ alkylenyl.

In another embodiment, Intermediates of the Disclosure are compounds represented by any one of Formulae XV-XVII, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein L is selected from the group consisting of —CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂CH₂—, —CH₂(CH₂)₂CH₂—, —CH₂(CH₂)₃CH₂—, —CH₂(CH₂)₄CH₂—, —CH₂(CH₂)₅CH₂—, and —CH₂(CH₂)₆CH₂—.

In another embodiment, Intermediates of the Disclosure are compounds represented by any one of Formulae XV-XVII, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein L is 3- to 20-membered heteroalkylenyl.

In another embodiment, Intermediates of the Disclosure are compounds represented by any one of Formulae XV-XVII, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein:

L is selected from the group consisting of —(CH₂)_(o)O—(CH₂CH₂O)_(p)—(CH₂)_(q)— and —(CH₂)_(r)O—(CH₂)_(s)—O(CH₂)_(t)—;

o is 2 or 3;

p is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7;

q is 2 or 3;

r is 2, 3, or 4;

s is 3, 4, or 5; and

t is 2 or 3.

In another embodiment, Intermediates of the Disclosure are compounds represented by any one of Formulae XV-XVII, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein L is selected from the group consisting of

—CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂—,

—CH₂CH₂O(CH₂CH₂O)₂CH₂CH₂—,

—CH₂CH₂O(CH₂CH₂O)₃CH₂CH₂—,

—CH₂CH₂O(CH₂CH₂O)₄CH₂CH₂—,

—CH₂CH₂O(CH₂CH₂O)₆CH₂CH₂—,

—CH₂CH₂O(CH₂CH₂O)₆CH₂CH₂—,

—CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂—,

—CH₂CH₂CH₂O(CH₂CH₂O)₂CH₂CH₂CH₂—, and

—CH₂CH₂CH₂O(CH₂)₄OCH₂CH₂CH₂—.

In another embodiment, Intermediates of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula XV, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein L is —(CH₂)_(m)—W—(CH₂)_(n)—. In another embodiment, m is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4. In another embodiment, n is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4.

In another embodiment, Intermediates of the Disclosure are compounds represented by any one of Formulae XV-XVII, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein W is phenylenyl.

In another embodiment, Intermediates of the Disclosure are compounds represented by any one of Formulae XV-XVII, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, W is 5-membered heteroarylenyl.

In another embodiment, Intermediates of the Disclosure are compounds represented by any one of Formulae XV-XVII, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein W is 6-membered heteroarylenyl.

In another embodiment, Intermediates of the Disclosure are compounds represented by any one of Formulae XV-XVII, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein L is selected from the group consisting of L-1 and L2, as defined in connection with Formula I.

In another embodiment, Intermediates of the Disclosure are compounds represented by any one of Formulae XV-XVII, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein L is selected from the group consisting of L-3, L-4, L-5, L-6, and L-7, as defined in connection with Formula I.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by any one of Formulae XV-XVII, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein L is selected from the group consisting of L-8 and L-9, as defined in connection with Formula I.

In another embodiment, Intermediates of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formulae XV or XVI, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein Z is —CH₂—.

In another embodiment, Intermediates of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formulae XV or XVI, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein Z is —C(═O)—.

In another embodiment, Intermediates of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formulae XV or XVI, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein R⁵ is hydrogen.

In another embodiment, Intermediates of the Disclosure are compounds of Table 2, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof.

TABLE 2 Cpd. No. Structure  74

 75

 76

 77

 78

 79

 80

 81

 82

 83

 84

 85

 86

 87

 88

 89

 90

 91

 92

 93

 94

 95

 96

 97

 98

 99

100

101

102

103

104

105

106

107

108

109

110

111

112

113

114

115

116

117

118

119

120

121

122

123

125

126

127

128

129

130

131

132

133

134

135

136

137

In another embodiment, Intermediates of the Disclosure are compounds of Table 3, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof.

TABLE 3 Cpd. No. Structure 138

139

140

141

142

143

In another embodiment, the disclosure provides methods of making a compound having Formula I:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein:

B is selected from the group consisting of:

R¹ is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted awl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, and —N(H)R³;

Q¹ is ═CH— and Q² is —N═; or

Q¹ is ═N— and Q² is —CH═; or

Q¹ is ═N— and Q² is —N═;

R³ is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted aryl and optionally substituted heteroaryl;

X is —C(═O)N(H)—, wherein the nitrogen atom of —C(═O)N(H)— is attached to L,

L is selected from the group consisting of alkylenyl, heteroalkylenyl, and —(CH₂)_(m)—W—(CH₂)_(n)—;

W is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted phenylenyl, optionally substituted 5-membered heteroarylenyl, and optionally substituted 6-membered heteroarylenyl;

m is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7;

n is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8;

Y is selected from the group consisting of —C≡C—, —CH₂—, —O—, —N(R^(2d))—, —C(═O)N(R^(2e))—, —N(R^(2f))C(═O)CH₂O—, and —N(R^(2g))C(═O)CH₂N(R^(2h))—; or

Y is absent;

wherein the carboxamide nitrogen atom of —N(R^(2f))C(═O)CH₂O— and —N(R^(2g))C(═O)CH₂N(R^(2h))—, and the carbon atom of —C(═O)N(R^(2e))— is attached to L;

R^(2d), R^(2e), R^(2f), R^(2g), and R^(2h) are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C₁₋₄ alkyl;

Z is selected from the group consisting of —CH₂ and —C(═O)—; and

R⁵ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and fluoro,

with the proviso that Y is absent when B is B-2,

the method comprising:

(1) reacting, e.g., condensing, a compound having Formula XIV:

wherein:

R¹ is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, and —N(H)R³;

Q¹ is ═CH— and Q² is —N═; or

Q¹ is ═N— and Q² is —CH═; or

Q¹ is ═N— and Q² is —N═;

R³ is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted aryl and optionally substituted heteroaryl;

R^(7a) is selected from the group consisting of chloro and —OR^(7b); and

R^(7b) is hydrogen,

with a compound having Formula XV:

wherein:

B is selected from the group consisting of:

L is selected from the group consisting of alkylenyl, heteroalkylenyl, and —(CH₂)_(m)—W—(CH₂)_(n);

W is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted phenylenyl, optionally substituted 5-membered heteroarylenyl, and optionally substituted 6-membered heteroarylenyl;

m is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7;

n is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8;

Y is selected from the group consisting of —C≡C—, —CH₂—, —O—, —N(R^(2d))—, —C(═O)N(R^(2d))—, —N(R^(2f))C(═O)CH₂O—, and —N(R^(2g))C(═O)CH₂N(R^(2h))—; or

Y is absent;

wherein the carboxamide nitrogen atom of —N(R^(2f))C(═O)CH₂O— and —N(R^(2g))C(═O)CH₂N(R^(2g))—, and the carbon atom of —C(═O)N(R^(2c))— is attached to L;

R^(2d), R^(2e), R^(2f), R^(2g), and R^(2h) are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C₁₋₄ alkyl;

Z is selected from the group consisting of —CH₂ and —C(═O)—; and

R⁵ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and fluoro,

with the proviso that Y is absent when B is B-2,

in a suitable organic solvent, e.g., DMF, THF, etc, and

(2) isolating the compound having Formula I, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof.

In another embodiment, the disclosure provides methods of making a compound having Formula II, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein X is —C(═O)N(H)— and the nitrogen atom of —C(═O)N(H)— is attached to L, the method comprising:

(1) reacting, e.g., condensing, a compound having Formula XIV, wherein R^(7b) is hydrogen with a compound having Formula XVI in a suitable organic solvent; and

(2) isolating the compound having Formula II, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof.

In another embodiment, the disclosure provides methods of making a compound having Formula III, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein X is —C(═O)N(H)— and the nitrogen atom of —C(═O)N(H)— is attached to L, the method comprising:

(1) reacting, e.g., condensing, a compound having Formula XIV, wherein R^(7b) is hydrogen with a compound having Formula XVII in a suitable organic solvent; and

(2) isolating the compound having Formula III, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof.

Compounds of the Disclosure degrade BET bromodomain proteins and are useful in the treatment of a variety of diseases and conditions. In particular, Compounds of the Disclosure are useful in methods of treating a disease or condition wherein degradation BET bromodomain proteins provides a benefit, for example, cancers and proliferative diseases. The therapeutic methods of the disclosure comprise administering a therapeutically effective amount of a Compound of the Disclosure to an individual in need thereof. The present methods also encompass administering a second therapeutic agent to the individual in addition to the Compound of the Disclosure. The second therapeutic agent is selected from drugs known as useful in treating the disease or condition afflicting the individual in need thereof, e.g., a chemotherapeutic agent and/or radiation known as useful in treating a particular cancer. In one embodiment, the second therapeutic agent is a MCL-1 inhibitor. In another embodiment, the second therapeutic agent is a BCL-X_(L) inhibitor, e.g., ABT-199 (venetoclax).

Salts, hydrates, and solvates of the Compounds of the Disclosure can also be used in the methods disclosed herein. The present disclosure further includes all possible stereoisomers and geometric isomers of Compounds of the Disclosure to include both racemic compounds and optically active isomers. When a Compound of the Disclosure is desired as a single enantiomer, it can be obtained either by resolution of the final product or by stereospecific synthesis from either isomerically pure starting material or use of a chiral auxiliary reagent, for example, see Z. Ma et al., Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 8(6), pages 883-888 (1997). Resolution of the final product, an intermediate, or a starting material can be achieved by any suitable method known in the art. Additionally, in situations where tautomers of the Compounds of the Disclosure are possible, the present disclosure is intended to include all tautomeric forms of the compounds.

The present disclosure encompasses the preparation and use of salts of Compounds of the Disclosure. As used herein, the pharmaceutical “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” refers to salts or zwitterionic forms of Compounds of the Disclosure. Salts of Compounds of the Disclosure can be prepared during the final isolation and purification of the compounds or separately by reacting the compound with an acid having a suitable cation. The pharmaceutically acceptable salts of Compounds of the Disclosure can be acid addition salts formed with pharmaceutically acceptable acids. Examples of acids which can be employed to form pharmaceutically acceptable salts include inorganic acids such as nitric, boric, hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulfuric, and phosphoric, and organic acids such as oxalic, maleic, succinic, and citric. Nonlimiting examples of salts of compounds of the disclosure include, but are not limited to, the hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, sulfate, bisulfate, 2-hydroxyethansulfonate, phosphate, hydrogen phosphate, acetate, adipate, alginate, aspartate, benzoate, bisulfate, butyrate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, digluconate, glycerolphsphate, hemisulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate, formate, succinate, fumarate, maleate, ascorbate, isethionate, salicylate, methanesulfonate, mesitylenesulfonate, naphthylenesulfonate, nicotinate, 2-naphthalenesulfonate, oxalate, pamoate, pectinate, persulfate, 3-phenylproprionate, picrate, pivalate, propionate, trichloroacetate, trifluoroacetate, phosphate, glutamate, bicarbonate, paratoluenesulfonate, undecanoate, lactate, citrate, tartrate, gluconate, methanesulfonate, ethanedisulfonate, benzene sulfonate, and p-toluenesulfonate salts. In addition, available amino groups present in the compounds of the disclosure can be quaternized with methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl chlorides, bromides, and iodides; dimethyl, diethyl, dibutyl, and diamyl sulfates; decyl, lauryl, myristyl, and steryl chlorides, bromides, and iodides; and benzyl and phenethyl bromides. In light of the foregoing, any reference Compounds of the Disclosure appearing herein is intended to include compounds of Compounds of the Disclosure as well as pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates, or solvates thereof.

The present disclosure encompasses the preparation and use of solvates of Compounds of the Disclosure. Solvates typically do not significantly alter the physiological activity or toxicity of the compounds, and as such may function as pharmacological equivalents. The term “solvate” as used herein is a combination, physical association and/or solvation of a compound of the present disclosure with a solvent molecule such as, e.g. a disolvate, monosolvate or hemisolvate, where the ratio of solvent molecule to compound of the present disclosure is about 2:1, about 1:1 or about 1:2, respectively. This physical association involves varying degrees of ionic and covalent bonding, including hydrogen bonding. In certain instances, the solvate can be isolated, such as when one or more solvent molecules are incorporated into the crystal lattice of a crystalline solid. Thus, “solvate” encompasses both solution-phase and isolatable solvates. Compounds of the Disclosure can be present as solvated forms with a pharmaceutically acceptable solvent, such as water, methanol, and ethanol, and it is intended that the disclosure includes both solvated and unsolvated forms of Compounds of the Disclosure. One type of solvate is a hydrate. A “hydrate” relates to a particular subgroup of solvates where the solvent molecule is water. Solvates typically can function as pharmacological equivalents. Preparation of solvates is known in the art. See, for example, M. Caira et al, J. Pharmaceut. Sci., 93(3):601-611 (2004), which describes the preparation of solvates of fluconazole with ethyl acetate and with water. Similar preparation of solvates, hemisolvates, hydrates, and the like are described by van Tonder et al., AAPS Pharm. Sci. Tech., 5(1):Article 12 (2004), and A. L. Bingham et al., Chem. Commun. 603-604 (2001). A typical, non-limiting, process of preparing a solvate would involve dissolving a Compound of the Disclosure in a desired solvent (organic, water, or a mixture thereof) at temperatures above 20° C. to about 25° C., then cooling the solution at a rate sufficient to form crystals, and isolating the crystals by known methods, e.g., filtration. Analytical techniques such as infrared spectroscopy can be used to confirm the presence of the solvent in a crystal of the solvate.

The present disclosure provides Compounds of the Disclosure as BET bromodomain protein degraders for the treatment of a variety of diseases and conditions wherein degradation of BET bromodomain proteins has a beneficial effect. Compounds of the Disclosure typically have a binding affinity (IC₅₀) to BET bromodomains of less than 100 μM, e.g., less than 50 μM, less than 25 μM, and less than 5 μM, less than about 1 μM, less than about 0.5 μM, or less than about 0.1 μM. In one embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a method of treating an individual suffering from a disease or condition wherein degradation of BET bromodomain proteins provides a benefit comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a Compound of the Disclosure to an individual in need thereof.

Since Compounds of the Disclosure are degraders of one or more BET bromodomain proteins, a number of diseases and conditions mediated by BET bromodomain proteins can be treated by employing these compounds. The present disclosure is thus directed generally to a method for treating a condition or disorder responsive to degradation of BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, BRD-t, or an isoform or mutant thereof, in an animal, e.g., a human, suffering from, or at risk of suffering from, the condition or disorder, the method comprising administering to the animal an effective amount of one or more Compounds of the Disclosure. In one embodiment, the condition or disorder is responsive to degradation of BRD4.

The present disclosure is further directed to a method of degrading BET bromodomain proteins in an animal in need thereof, said method comprising administering to the animal an effective amount of at least one Compound of the Disclosure.

The present disclosure is also directed to a method of treating triple negative breast cancer in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a BET bromodomain degrader. In one embodiment, the BET bromodomain degrader is a Compound of the Disclosure.

The methods of the present disclosure can be accomplished by administering a Compound of the Disclosure as the neat compound or as a pharmaceutical composition. Administration of a pharmaceutical composition, or neat compound of a Compound of the Disclosure, can be performed during or after the onset of the disease or condition of interest. Typically, the pharmaceutical compositions are sterile, and contain no toxic, carcinogenic, or mutagenic compounds that would cause an adverse reaction when administered. Further provided are kits comprising a Compound of the Disclosure and, optionally, a second therapeutic agent useful in the treatment of diseases and conditions wherein degradation of BET bromodomains provides a benefit, packaged separately or together, and an insert having instructions for using these active agents.

In one embodiment, a Compound of the Disclosure is administered in conjunction with a second therapeutic agent useful in the treatment of a disease or condition wherein degradation of BET bromodomain proteins provides a benefit. The second therapeutic agent is different from the Compound of the Disclosure. A Compound of the Disclosure and the second therapeutic agent can be administered simultaneously or sequentially to achieve the desired effect. In addition, the Compound of the Disclosure and second therapeutic agent can be administered from a single composition or two separate compositions.

The second therapeutic agent is administered in an amount to provide its desired therapeutic effect. The effective dosage range for each second therapeutic agent is known in the art, and the second therapeutic agent is administered to an individual in need thereof within such established ranges.

A Compound of the Disclosure and the second therapeutic agent can be administered together as a single-unit dose or separately as multi-unit doses, wherein the Compound of the Disclosure is administered before the second therapeutic agent or vice versa. One or more doses of the Compound of the Disclosure and/or one or more dose of the second therapeutic agent can be administered. The Compound of the Disclosure therefore can be used in conjunction with one or more second therapeutic agents, for example, but not limited to, anticancer agents.

Diseases and conditions treatable by the methods of the present disclosure include, but are not limited to, cancer and other proliferative disorders, inflammatory diseases, sepsis, autoimmune disease, and viral infection. In one embodiment, a human patient is treated with a Compound of the Disclosure, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a Compound of the Disclosure, wherein the compound is administered in an amount sufficient to degradate BET bromodomain proteins in the patient.

In one embodiment, the disease to be treated by the Compound of the Disclosure is cancer. Examples of treatable cancers include, but are not limited to, any one or more of the cancers of Table 9.

TABLE 9 adrenal cancer acinic cell carcinoma acoustic neuroma acral lentigious melanoma acrospiroma acute eosinophilic acute erythroid acute lymphoblastic leukemia leukemia leukemia acute acute monocytic acute promyelocytic adenocarcinoma megakaryoblastic leukemia leukemia leukemia adenoid cystic adenoma adenomatoid adenosquamous carcinoma odontogenic tumor carcinoma adipose tissue adrenocortical adult T-cell aggressive NK-cell neoplasm carcinoma leukemia/lymphoma leukemia AIDS-related alveolar alveolar soft part ameloblastic lymphoma rhabdomyosarcoma sarcoma fibroma anaplastic large cell anaplastic thyroid angioimmunoblastic angiomyolipoma lymphoma cancer T-cell lymphoma angiosarcoma astrocytoma atypical teratoid B-cell chronic rhabdoid tumor lymphocytic leukemia B-cell B-cell lymphoma basal cell carcinoma biliary tract cancer prolymphocytic leukemia bladder cancer blastoma bone cancer Brenner tumor Brown tumor Burkitt's lymphoma breast cancer brain cancer carcinoma carcinoma in situ carcinosarcoma cartilage tumor cementoma myeloid sarcoma chondroma chordoma choriocarcinoma choroid plexus clear-cell sarcoma of craniopharyngioma papilloma the kidney cutaneous T-cell cervical cancer colorectal cancer Degos disease lymphoma desmoplastic small diffuse large B-cell dysembryoplastic dysgerminoma round cell tumor lymphoma neuroepithelial tumor embryonal endocrine gland endodermal sinus enteropathy- carcinoma neoplasm tumor associated T-cell lymphoma esophageal cancer fetus in fetu fibroma fibrosarcoma follicular follicular thyroid ganglioneuroma gastrointestinal lymphoma cancer cancer germ cell tumor gestational giant cell giant cell tumor of choriocarcinoma fibroblastoma the bone glial tumor glioblastoma glioma gliomatosis cerebri multiforme glucagonoma gonadoblastoma granulosa cell tumor gynandroblastoma gallbladder cancer gastric cancer hairy cell leukemia hemangioblastoma head and neck hemangiopericytoma hematological hepatoblastoma cancer malignancy hepatosplenic T-cell Hodgkin's non-Hodgkin's invasive lobular lymphoma lymphoma lymphoma carcinoma intestinal cancer kidney cancer laryngeal cancer lentigo maligna lethal midline leukemia leydig cell tumor liposarcoma carcinoma lung cancer lymphangioma lymphangiosarcoma lymphoepithelioma lymphoma acute lymphocytic acute myelogeous chronic leukemia leukemia lymphocytic leukemia liver cancer small cell lung non-small cell lung MALT lymphoma cancer cancer malignant fibrous malignant peripheral malignant triton mantle cell histiocytoma nerve sheath tumor tumor lymphoma marginal zone B- mast cell leukemia mediastinal germ medullary cell lymphoma cell tumor carcinoma of the breast medullary thyroid medulloblastoma melanoma meningioma cancer merkel cell cancer mesothelioma metastatic urothelial mixed Mullerian carcinoma tumor mucinous tumor multiple myeloma muscle tissue mycosis fungoides neoplasm myxoid myxoma myxosarcoma nasopharyngeal liposarcoma carcinoma neurinoma neuroblastoma neurofibroma neuroma nodular melanoma ocular cancer oligoastrocytoma oligodendroglioma oncocytoma optic nerve sheath optic nerve tumor oral cancer meningioma osteosarcoma ovarian cancer Pancoast tumor papillary thyroid cancer paraganglioma pinealoblastoma pineocytoma pituicytoma pituitary adenoma pituitary tumor plasmacytoma polyembryoma precursor T- primary central primary effusion preimary peritoneal lymphoblastic nervous system lymphoma cancer lymphoma lymphoma prostate cancer pancreatic cancer pharyngeal cancer pseudomyxoma periotonei renal cell carcinoma renal medullary retinoblastoma rhabdomyoma carcinoma rhabdomyosarcoma Richter's rectal cancer sarcoma transformation Schwannomatosis seminoma Sertoli cell tumor sex cord-gonadal stromal tumor signet ring cell skin cancer small blue round cell small cell carcinoma tumors carcinoma soft tissue sarcoma somatostatinoma soot wart spinal tumor splenic marginal squamous cell synovial sarcoma Sezary's disease zone lymphoma carcinoma small intestine squamous carcinoma stomach cancer T-cell lymphoma cancer testicular cancer thecoma thyroid cancer transitional cell carcinoma throat cancer urachal cancer urogenital cancer urothelial carcinoma uveal melanoma uterine cancer verrucous carcinoma visual pathway glioma vulvar cancer vaginal cancer Waldenstrom's Warthin's tumor macroglobulinemia Wilms' tumor

In another embodiment, the cancer is a leukaemia, for example a leukaemia selected from acute monocytic leukemia, acute myelogenous leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia and mixed lineage leukaemia (MLL). In another embodiment the cancer is NUT-midline carcinoma. In another embodiment the cancer is multiple myeloma. In another embodiment the cancer is a lung cancer such as small cell lung cancer (SCLC). In another embodiment the cancer is a neuroblastoma. In another embodiment the cancer is Burkitt's lymphoma. In another embodiment the cancer is cervical cancer. In another embodiment the cancer is esophageal cancer. In another embodiment the cancer is ovarian cancer. In another embodiment the cancer is colorectal cancer. In another embodiment, the cancer is prostate cancer. In another embodiment, the cancer is breast cancer. In another embodiment, the cancer is triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).

In another embodiment, the present disclosure provides a method of treating a benign proliferative disorder, such as, but are not limited to, benign soft tissue tumors, bone tumors, brain and spinal tumors, eyelid and orbital tumors, granuloma, lipoma, meningioma, multiple endocrine neoplasia, nasal polyps, pituitary tumors, prolactinoma, pseudotumor cerebri, seborrheic keratoses, stomach polyps, thyroid nodules, cystic neoplasms of the pancreas, hemangiomas, vocal cord nodules, polyps, and cysts, Castleman disease, chronic pilonidal disease, dermatofibroma, pilar cyst, pyogenic granuloma, and juvenile polyposis syndrome.

Compounds of the Disclosure can also treat infectious and noninfectious inflammatory events and autoimmune and other inflammatory diseases by administration of an effective amount of a present compound to a mammal, in particular a human in need of such treatment. Examples of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, disorders, and syndromes treated using the compounds and methods described herein include inflammatory pelvic disease, urethritis, skin sunburn, sinusitis, pneumonitis, encephalitis, meningitis, myocarditis, nephritis, osteomyelitis, myositis, hepatitis, gastritis, enteritis, dermatitis, gingivitis, appendictitis, pancreatitis, cholocystitus, agammaglobulinemia, psoriasis, allergy, Crohn's disease, irritable bowel syndrome, ulcerative colitis, Sjogren's disease, tissue graft rejection, hyperacute rejection of transplanted organs, asthma, allergic rhinitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), autoimmune polyglandular disease (also known as autoimmune polyglandular syndrome), autoimmune alopecia, pernicious anemia, glomerulonephritis, dermatomyositis, multiple sclerosis, scleroderma, vasculitis, autoimmune hemolytic and thrombocytopenic states, Goodpasture's syndrome, atherosclerosis, Addison's disease, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Type I diabetes, septic shock, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, juvenile arthritis, osteoarthritis, chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia, myasthenia gravis, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, atopic dermatitis, degenerative joint disease, vitiligo, autoimmune hypopituatarism, Guillain-Barre syndrome, Behcet's disease, scleracierma, mycosis fungoides, acute inflammatory responses (such as acute respiratory distress syndrome and ischemia/reperfusion injury), and Graves' disease.

In another embodiment, the present disclosure provides a method of treating systemic inflammatory response syndromes, such as LPS-induced endotoxic shock and/or bacteria-induced sepsis by administration of an effective amount of a Compound of the Disclosure to a mammal, in particular a human in need of such treatment.

In another embodiment, the present disclosure provides a method for treating viral infections and diseases. Examples of viral infections and diseases treated using the compounds and methods described herein include episome-based DNA viruses including, but not limited to, human papillomavirus, Herpesvirus, Epstein-Barr virus, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatis B virus, and hepatitis C virus.

In another embodiment, the present disclosure provides therapeutic method of modulating protein methylation, gene expression, cell proliferation, cell differentiation and/or apoptosis in vivo in diseases mentioned above, in particular cancer, inflammatory disease, and/or viral disease is provided by administering a therapeutically effective amount of a Compound of the Disclosure to a subject in need of such therapy.

In another embodiment, the present disclosure provides a method of regulating endogenous or heterologous promoter activity by contacting a cell with a Compound of the Disclosure.

In another embodiment, the disclosure provides procedures of personalized medicine for patients having cancer, e.g., triple-negative breast cancer (“TNBC”), leukemia, castration-resistant prostate cancer (“CRPC”), and encompasses the selection of treatment options with the highest likelihood of successful outcome for individual cancer patients. In another aspect, the disclosure relates to the use of an assay(s) to predict the treatment outcome, e.g., the likelihood of favorable responses or treatment success, in patients having cancer such as TNBC, leukemia, or CRPC.

In another embodiment, the disclosure provides methods of selecting a patient, e.g., human subject for treatment of cancer with a Compound of the Disclosure, comprising obtaining a biological sample, e.g., blood cells, from the patient, testing a biological sample from the patient for the presence of a biomarker, and selecting the patient for treatment if the biological sample contains the biomarker. In another embodiment, the methods further comprise administering a therapeutically effective amount of a Compound of the Disclosure to the patient if the biological sample contains the biomarker. Examples of biomarkers include, but are not limited to, overexpression of MCL-1, overexpression of BCL-X_(L), and co-overexpression of MCL-1 and BCL-X_(L).

In another embodiment, the disclosure provides methods predicting treatment outcomes in a patient having cancer, e.g., TNBC, leukemia, or CRPC, comprising obtaining a biological sample from the patient, testing the biological sample from the patient for the presence of a biomarker, e.g., overexpression of MCL-1, overexpression of BCL-X_(L), and co-overexpression of MCL-1 and BCL-X_(L), wherein the detection of the biomarker indicates the patient will respond favorably to administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a Compound of the Disclosure. Favorable responses include, but are not limited to, hematologic responses, e.g., normalization of blood counts in the patient—white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets (detectable by simple blood tests); cytogenetic responses, e.g., reduction or disappearance of the number of Philadelphia chromosome-positive cells in the patient (detectable by standard laboratory methods) and/or molecular responses, e.g., reduction or disappearance in quantities of the abnormal BCR-ABL protein in the patient (detectable by PCR assays).

In another embodiment, the disclosure provides methods treating cancer, e.g., TNBC, leukemia, or CRPC, comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a Compound of the Disclosure to a patient, e.g., a human subject, with cancer in whom the patient's cells contain a biomarker, e.g., overexpression of MCL-1, overexpression of BCL-X_(L), and co-overexpression of MCL-1 and BCL-X_(L). In one embodiment, the patient is selected for treatment with a Compound of the Disclosure after the patient's cells have been determined to contain a biomarker.

In another embodiment, the method of treating a patient having cancer comprises obtaining a biological sample from the patient, determining whether the biological sample contains overexpression of MCL-1, and administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount a Compound of the Disclosure, if the biological sample contains overexpression of MCL-1. In another embodiment, the method further comprises administering a therapeutically effective amount of a MCL-1 inhibitor to the patient.

In another embodiment, the method of treating a patient having cancer comprises obtaining a biological sample from the patient, determining whether the biological sample contains overexpression of BCL-X_(L), and administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount a Compound of the Disclosure, if the biological sample contains overexpression of BCL-X_(L). In another embodiment, the method further comprises administering a therapeutically effective amount of a BCL-X_(L) inhibitor.

In another embodiment, the method of treating a patient having cancer comprises obtaining a biological sample from the patient, determining whether the biological sample contains co-overexpression of MCL-1 and BCL-X_(L), and administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount a Compound of the Disclosure, if the biological sample contains co-overexpression of MCL-1 and BCL-X_(L). In another embodiment, the method further comprises administering a therapeutically effective amount of a MCL-1 inhibitor, a therapeutically effective amount of a BCL-X_(L) inhibitor, or a therapeutically effective amount of both a MCL-1 inhibitor and BCL-X_(L) inhibitor.

The term “biomarker” as used herein refers to any biological compound, such as a protein, a fragment of a protein, a peptide, a polypeptide, a nucleic acid, etc. that can be detected and/or quantified in a patient in vivo or in a biological sample obtained from a patient. Furthermore, a biomarker can be the entire intact molecule, or it can be a portion or fragment thereof. In one embodiment, the expression level of the biomarker is measured. The expression level of the biomarker can be measured, for example, by detecting the protein or RNA (e.g., mRNA) level of the biomarker. In some embodiments, portions or fragments of biomarkers can be detected or measured, for example, by an antibody or other specific binding agent. In some embodiments, a measurable aspect of the biomarker is associated with a given state of the patient, such as a particular stage of cancer. For biomarkers that are detected at the protein or RNA level, such measurable aspects may include, for example, the presence, absence, or concentration (i.e., expression level) of the biomarker in a patient, or biological sample obtained from the patient. For biomarkers that are detected at the nucleic acid level, such measurable aspects may include, for example, allelic versions of the biomarker or type, rate, and/or degree of mutation of the biomarker, also referred to herein as mutation status.

For biomarkers that are detected based on expression level of protein or RNA, expression level measured between different phenotypic statuses can be considered different, for example, if the mean or median expression level of the biomarker in the different groups is calculated to be statistically significant. Common tests for statistical significance include, among others, t-test, ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney, Significance Analysis of Microarrays, odds ratio, etc. Biomarkers, alone or in combination, provide measures of relative likelihood that a subject belongs to one phenotypic status or another. Therefore, they are useful, inter alia, as markers for disease and as indicators that particular therapeutic treatment regimens will likely result in beneficial patient outcomes.

In one embodiment, the biomarker is MCL-1, BCL-X_(L), or MCL-1 and BCL-X_(L). In another embodiment, the measurable aspect of the MCL-1, BCL-X_(L), or MCL-1 and BCL-X_(L) is overexpression status, e.g., co-overexpression of MCL-1 and BCL-X_(L).

Thus, in certain aspects of the disclosure, the biomarker is MCL-1, BCL-X_(L), or MCL-1 and BCL-X_(L) which is differentially present in a subject of one phenotypic status (e.g., a patient having cancer, e.g., TNBC, with co-overexpression of MCL-1 and BCL-X_(L)) as compared with another phenotypic status (e.g., a normal undiseased patient or a patient having cancer without mutation-bearing cells).

Biomarker standards can be predetermined, determined concurrently, or determined after a biological sample is obtained from the subject. Biomarker standards for use with the methods described herein can, for example, include data from samples from subjects without cancer; data from samples from subjects with cancer, e.g., TNBC, that is not a progressive, recurrent, and/or metastatic cancer; and data from samples from subjects with cancer, e.g., TNBC, that is a progressive, recurrent, and/or metastatic cancer. Comparisons can be made to establish predetermined threshold biomarker standards for differenct classes of subjects, e.g., diseased vs. non-diseased subjects. The standards can be run in the same assay or can be known standards from a previous assay.

In addition to individual biological compounds, e.g., MCL-1, BCL-X_(L), the term “biomarker” as used herein is meant to include groups or sets of multiple biological compounds. For example, the combination of MCL-1 and BCL-X_(L) may comprise a biomarker. Thus, a “biomarker” may comprise one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, fifteen, twenty, twenty five, thirty, or more, biological compounds.

The determination of the expression level or mutation status of a biomarker in a patient can be performed using any of the many methods known in the art. Any method known in the art for quantitating specific proteins and/or detecting MCL-1 and/or BCL-X_(L) overexpression in a patient or a biological sample may be used in the methods of the disclosure. Examples include, but are not limited to, PCR (polymerase chain reaction), or RT-PCR, Northern blot, Western blot, ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay), RIA (radioimmunoassay), gene chip analysis of RNA expression, immunohistochemistry or immunofluorescence (See, e.g., Slagle et al. Cancer 83:1401 (1998)). Certain embodiments of the disclosure include methods wherein biomarker RNA expression (transcription) is determined. Other embodiments of the disclosure include methods wherein protein expression in the biological sample is determined. See, for example, Harlow et al., Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y., (1988) and Ausubel et al., Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, John Wiley & Sons, New York 3rd Edition, (1995). For northern blot or RT-PCR analysis, RNA is isolated from the tumor tissue sample using RNAse free techniques. Such techniques are commonly known in the art.

When quantified in a patient in vivo, the expression level of proteins such as MCL-1 or variants thereof may be determined by administering an antibody that binds specifically to MCL-1 (See, e.g., U.S. Published Appl. No. 2006/0127945) and determining the extent of binding. The antibody may be detectably labeled, e.g., with a radioisotope such as carbon-11, nitrogen-13, oxygen-15, and fluorine-18. The label may then be detected by positron emission tomography (PET).

In one embodiment of the disclosure, a biological sample is obtained from the patient and cells in the biopsy are assayed for determination of biomarker expression or mutation status.

In one embodiment of the disclosure, PET imaging is used to determine biomarker expression.

In another embodiment of the disclosure, Northern blot analysis of biomarker transcription in a tumor cell sample is performed. Northern analysis is a standard method for detection and/or quantitation of mRNA levels in a sample. Initially, RNA is isolated from a sample to be assayed using Northern blot analysis. In the analysis, the RNA samples are first separated by size via electrophoresis in an agarose gel under denaturing conditions. The RNA is then transferred to a membrane, crosslinked and hybridized with a labeled probe. Typically, Northern hybridization involves polymerizing radiolabeled or nonisotopically labeled DNA, in vitro, or generation of oligonucleotides as hybridization probes. Typically, the membrane holding the RNA sample is prehybridized or blocked prior to probe hybridization to prevent the probe from coating the membrane and, thus, to reduce non-specific background signal. After hybridization, typically, unhybridized probe is removed by washing in several changes of buffer. Stringency of the wash and hybridization conditions can be designed, selected and implemented by any practitioner of ordinary skill in the art. Detection is accomplished using detectably labeled probes and a suitable detection method. Radiolabeled and non-radiolabled probes and their use are well known in the art. The presence and or relative levels of expression of the biomarker being assayed can be quantified using, for example, densitometry.

In another embodiment of the disclosure, biomarker expression and/or mutation status is determined using RT-PCR. RT-PCR allows detection of the progress of a PCR amplification of a target gene in real time. Design of the primers and probes required to detect expression and/or mutation status of a biomarker of the disclosure is within the skill of a practitioner of ordinary skill in the art. RT-PCR can be used to determine the level of RNA encoding a biomarker of the disclosure in a tumor tissue sample. In an embodiment of the disclosure, RNA from the biological sample is isolated, under RNAse free conditions, than converted to DNA by treatment with reverse transcriptase. Methods for reverse transcriptase conversion of RNA to DNA are well known in the art. A description of PCR is provided in the following references: Mullis et al., Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 51:263 (1986); EP 50,424; EP 84,796; EP 258,017; EP 237,362; EP 201,184; U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,683,202; 4,582,788; 4,683,194.

RT-PCR probes depend on the 5′-3′ nuclease activity of the DNA polymerase used for PCR to hydrolyze an oligonucleotide that is hybridized to the target amplicon (biomarker gene). RT-PCR probes are oligonucleotides that have a fluorescent reporter dye attached to the 5′ end and a quencher moiety coupled to the 3′ end (or vice versa). These probes are designed to hybridize to an internal region of a PCR product. In the unhybridized state, the proximity of the fluor and the quench molecules prevents the detection of fluorescent signal from the probe. During PCR amplification, when the polymerase replicates a template on which an RT-PCR probe is bound, the 5′-3′ nuclease activity of the polymerase cleaves the probe. This decouples the fluorescent and quenching dyes and FRET no longer occurs. Thus, fluorescence increases in each cycle, in a manner proportional to the amount of probe cleavage. Fluorescence signal emitted from the reaction can be measured or followed over time using equipment which is commercially available using routine and conventional techniques.

In still another embodiment of the disclosure, expression of proteins encoded by biomarkers are detected by western blot analysis. A western blot (also known as an immunoblot) is a method for protein detection in a given sample of tissue homogenate or extract. It uses gel electrophoresis to separate denatured proteins by mass. The proteins are then transferred out of the gel and onto a membrane (e.g., nitrocellulose or polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)), where they are detected using a primary antibody that specifically bind to the protein. The bound antibody can then detected by a secondary antibody that is conjugated with a detectable label (e.g., biotin, horseradish peroxidase or alkaline phosphatase). Detection of the secondary label signal indicates the presence of the protein.

In still another embodiment of the disclosure, the expression of a protein encoded by a biomarker is detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In one embodiment of the disclosure, “sandwich ELISA” comprises coating a plate with a capture antibody; adding sample wherein any antigen present binds to the capture antibody; adding a detecting antibody which also binds the antigen; adding an enzyme-linked secondary antibody which binds to detecting antibody; and adding substrate which is converted by an enzyme on the secondary antibody to a detectable form. Detection of the signal from the secondary antibody indicates presence of the biomarker antigen protein.

In still another embodiment of the disclosure, the expression of a biomarker is evaluated by use of a gene chip or microarray. Such techniques are within ordinary skill held in the art.

The term “biological sample” as used herein refers any tissue or fluid from a patient that is suitable for detecting a biomarker, such as MCL-1 and/or BCL-X_(L) expression status. Examples of useful biological samples include, but are not limited to, biopsied tissues and/or cells, e.g., solid tumor, lymph gland, inflamed tissue, tissue and/or cells involved in a condition or disease, blood, plasma, serous fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, urine, lymph, cerebral spinal fluid, and the like. Other suitable biological samples will be familiar to those of ordinary skill in the relevant arts. A biological sample can be analyzed for biomarker expression and/or mutation using any technique known in the art and can be obtained using techniques that are well within the scope of ordinary knowledge of a clinical practitioner. In one embodiment of the disclosure, the biological sample comprises blood cells.

The present disclosure provides the following particular embodiments with respect to personalized medicine for patients having cancer:

Embodiment I: A method of treating a patient having cancer, the method comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a Compound of the Disclosure to the patient, wherein cells of the patient contain a biomarker, and the biomarker is overexpression of MCL-1, overexpression of BCL-X_(L), or co-overexpression of MCL-1 and BCL-X_(L).

Embodiment II: A method of treating a patient having cancer, the method comprising:

(a) determining the expression level of MCL-1, BCL-X_(L), or MCL-1 and BCL-X_(L), in a biological sample from the patient, and when the expression level is determined to be higher than that of a control sample, e.g., a sample from a normal undiseased patient or a patient having cancer without overexpression of MCL-1, BCL-X_(L), or MCL-1 and BCL-X_(L),

(b) administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a Compound of the Disclosure.

Embodiment III: A method for treating a cancer that overexpresses MCL-1, BCL-X_(L), or MCL-1 and BCL-X_(L), in a patient, the method comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a Compound of the Disclosure.

Embodiment IV: The method of any one of Embodiments I-III, wherein at least one additional anticancer agent is administered to the patient.

Embodiment V: The method of Embodiment IV, wherein the at least one additional anticancer agent is a BCL-X_(L) inhibitor, e.g., ABT-199.

Embodiment V: The method of Embodiment IV, wherein the at least one additional anticancer agent is a MCL-1 inhibitor.

Embodiment VI: A method of treating a human patient having TNBC, the method comprising:

(a) obtaining a biological sample from the patient;

(b) determining whether to biological sample co-overexpresses MCL-1 and BCL-X_(L); and

(c) administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount a Compound of the Disclosure if the biological sample indicates co-overexpression of MCL-1 and BCL-X_(L).

Embodiment VII: A method of treating a human patient having cancer, e.g., TNBC, the method comprising:

(a) measuring the MCL-1 expression level in a biological sample collected from the patient prior to administering a Compound of the Disclosure to the subject;

(b) determining whether the MCL-1 expression level is higher than a predetermined threshold standard; and

(c) administering a therapeutically effective amount of a Compound of the Disclosure and, optionally, a MCL-1 inhibitor, to the patient if the MCL-1 expression level is higher than the predetermined threshold standard.

Embodiment VIII: A method of treating a human patient having cancer, e.g., TNBC, the method comprising:

(a) measuring the BCL-X_(L) expression level in a biological sample collected from the patient prior to administering a Compound of the Disclosure to the subject;

(b) determining whether the BCL-X_(L) expression level is higher than a predetermined threshold standard; and

(c) administering a therapeutically effective amount of a Compound of the Disclosure and, optionally, a BCL-X_(L) inhibitor, to the patient if the BCL-X_(L) expression level is higher than the predetermined threshold standard.

Embodiment IX: A method of treating cancer, e.g., TNBC, the method comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a Compound of the Disclosure and, optionally, a MCL-1 inhibitor, to a patient having an elevated MCL-1 expression level.

Embodiment X: A method of treating cancer, e.g., TNBC, the method comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a Compound of the Disclosure and, optionally, a BCL-X_(L) inhibitor, to a patient having an elevated BCL-X_(L) expression level.

In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a method of treating a human patient having TNBC, the method comprising administering therapeutically effective amounts of a Compound of the Disclosure and a MCL-1 inhibitor to the patient.

In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a method of treating a human patient having TNBC, the method comprising administering therapeutically effective amounts of a Compound of the Disclosure and a BCL-X_(L) inhibitor to the patient.

In methods of the present disclosure, a therapeutically effective amount of a Compound of the Disclosure, typically formulated in accordance with pharmaceutical practice, is administered to a human being in need thereof. Whether such a treatment is indicated depends on the individual case and is subject to medical assessment (diagnosis) that takes into consideration signs, symptoms, and/or malfunctions that are present, the risks of developing particular signs, symptoms and/or malfunctions, and other factors.

A Compound of the Disclosure can be administered by any suitable route, for example by oral, buccal, inhalation, sublingual, rectal, vaginal, intracisternal or intrathecal through lumbar puncture, transurethral, nasal, percutaneous, i.e., transdermal, or parenteral (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intracoronary, intradermal, intramammary, intraperitoneal, intraarticular, intrathecal, retrobulbar, intrapulmonary injection and/or surgical implantation at a particular site) administration. Parenteral administration can be accomplished using a needle and syringe or using a high pressure technique.

Pharmaceutical compositions include those wherein a Compound of the Disclosure is administered in an effective amount to achieve its intended purpose. The exact formulation, route of administration, and dosage is determined by an individual physician in view of the diagnosed condition or disease. Dosage amount and interval can be adjusted individually to provide levels of a Compound of the Disclosure that is sufficient to maintain therapeutic effects.

Toxicity and therapeutic efficacy of the Compounds of the Disclosure can be determined by standard pharmaceutical procedures in cell cultures or experimental animals, e.g., for determining the maximum tolerated dose (MTh) of a compound, which defines as the highest dose that causes no toxicity in animals. The dose ratio between the maximum tolerated dose and therapeutic effects (e.g. inhibiting of tumor growth) is the therapeutic index. The dosage can vary within this range depending upon the dosage form employed, and the route of administration utilized. Determination of a therapeutically effective amount is well within the capability of those skilled in the art, especially in light of the detailed disclosure provided herein.

A therapeutically effective amount of a Compound of the Disclosure required for use in therapy varies with the nature of the condition being treated, the length of time that activity is desired, and the age and the condition of the patient, and ultimately is determined by the attendant physician. Dosage amounts and intervals can be adjusted individually to provide plasma levels of the BET bromodomain protein degrader that are sufficient to maintain the desired therapeutic effects. The desired dose conveniently can be administered in a single dose, or as multiple doses administered at appropriate intervals, for example as one, two, three, four or more subdoses per day. Multiple doses often are desired, or required. For example, a Compound of the Disclosure can be administered at a frequency of: four doses delivered as one dose per day at four-day intervals (q4d×4); four doses delivered as one dose per day at three-day intervals (q3d×4); one dose delivered per day at five-day intervals (qd×5); one dose per week for three weeks (qwk3); five daily doses, with two days rest, and another five daily doses (5/2/5); or, any dose regimen determined to be appropriate for the circumstance.

A Compound of the Disclosure used in a method of the present disclosure can be administered in an amount of about 0.005 to about 500 milligrams per dose, about 0.05 to about 250 milligrams per dose, or about 0.5 to about 100 milligrams per dose. For example, a Compound of the Disclosure can be administered, per dose, in an amount of about 0.005, 0.05, 0.5, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, or 500 milligrams, including all doses between 0.005 and 500 milligrams.

The dosage of a composition containing a Compound of the Disclosure, or a composition containing the same, can be from about 1 ng/kg to about 200 mg/kg, about 1 μg/kg to about 100 mg/kg, or about 1 mg/kg to about 50 mg/kg. The dosage of a composition can be at any dosage including, but not limited to, about 1 μg/kg. The dosage of a composition may be at any dosage including, but not limited to, about 1 μg/kg, about 10 μg/kg, about 25 μg/kg, about 50 μg/kg, about 75 μg/kg, about 100 μg/kg, about 125 μg/kg, about 150 μg/kg, about 175 μg/kg, about 200 μg/kg, about 225 μg/kg, about 250 μg/kg, about 275 μg/kg, about 300 μg/kg, about 325 μg/kg, about 350 μg/kg, about 375 μg/kg, about 400 μg/kg, about 425 μg/kg, about 450 μg/kg, about 475 μg/kg, about 500 μg/kg, about 525 μg/kg, about 550 μg/kg, about 575 μg/kg, about 600 μg/kg, about 625 μg/kg, about 650 μg/kg, about 675 μg/kg, about 700 μg/kg, about 725 μg/kg, about 750 μg/kg, about 775 μg/kg, about 800 μg/kg, about 825 μg/kg, about 850 μg/kg, about 875 μg/kg, about 900 μg/kg, about 925 μg/kg, about 950 μg/kg, about 975 μg/kg, about 1 mg/kg, about 5 mg/kg, about 10 mg/kg, about 15 mg/kg, about 20 mg/kg, about 25 mg/kg, about 30 mg/kg, about 35 mg/kg, about 40 mg/kg, about 45 mg/kg, about 50 mg/kg, about 60 mg/kg, about 70 mg/kg, about 80 mg/kg, about 90 mg/kg, about 100 mg/kg, about 125 mg/kg, about 150 mg/kg, about 175 mg/kg, about 200 mg/kg, or more. The above dosages are exemplary of the average case, but there can be individual instances in which higher or lower dosages are merited, and such are within the scope of this disclosure. In practice, the physician determines the actual dosing regimen that is most suitable for an individual patient, which can vary with the age, weight, and response of the particular patient.

As stated above, a Compound of the Disclosure can be administered in combination with a second therapeutically active agent. In some embodiments, the second therapeutic agent is an epigenetic drug. As used herein, the term “epigenetic drug” refers to a therapeutic agent that targets an epigenetic regulator. Examples of epigenetic regulators include the histone lysine methyltransferases, histone arginine methyl transferases, histone demethylases, histone deacetylases, histone acetylases, and DNA methyltransferases. Histone deacetylase inhibitors include, but are not limited to, vorinostat.

In another embodiment, chemotherapeutic agents or other anti-proliferative agents can be combined with Compound of the Disclosure to treat proliferative diseases and cancer. Examples of therapies and anticancer agents that can be used in combination with Compounds of the Disclosure include surgery, radiotherapy (e.g., gamma-radiation, neutron beam radiotherapy, electron beam radiotherapy, proton therapy, brachytherapy, and systemic radioactive isotopes), endocrine therapy, a biologic response modifier (e.g., an interferon, an interleukin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), hyperthermia and cryotherapy, an agent to attenuate any adverse effect (e.g., an antiemetic), and any other approved chemotherapeutic drug.

Examples of antiproliferative compounds include, but are not limited to, an aromatase inhibitor; an anti-estrogen; an anti-androgen; a gonadorelin agonist; a topoisomerase I inhibitor; a topoisomerase II inhibitor; a microtubule active agent; an alkylating agent; a retinoid, a carontenoid, or a tocopherol; a cyclooxygenase inhibitor; an MMP inhibitor; an mTOR inhibitor; an antimetabolite; a platin compound; a methionine aminopeptidase inhibitor; a bisphosphonate; an antiproliferative antibody; a heparanase inhibitor; an inhibitor of Ras oncogenic isoforms; a telomerase inhibitor; a proteasome inhibitor; a compound used in the treatment of hematologic malignancies; a Flt-3 inhibitor; an Hsp90 inhibitor; a kinesin spindle protein inhibitor; a MEK inhibitor; an antitumor antibiotic; a nitrosourea; a compound targeting/decreasing protein or lipid kinase activity, a compound targeting/decreasing protein or lipid phosphatase activity, or any further anti-angiogenic compound.

Nonlimiting exemplary aromatase inhibitors include, but are not limited to, steroids, such as atamestane, exemestane, and formestane, and non-steroids, such as aminoglutethimide, roglethimide, pyridoglutethimide, trilostane, testolactone, ketokonazole, vorozole, fadrozole, anastrozole, and letrozole.

Nonlimiting anti-estrogens include, but are not limited to, tamoxifen, fulvestrant, raloxifene, and raloxifene hydrochloride. Anti-androgens include, but are not limited to, bicalutamide. Gonadorelin agonists include, but are not limited to, abarelix, goserelin, and goserelin acetate.

Exemplary topoisomerase I inhibitors include, but are not limited to, topotecan, gimatecan, irinotecan, camptothecin and its analogues, 9-nitrocamptothecin, and the macromolecular camptothecin conjugate PNU-166148. Topoisomerase II inhibitors include, but are not limited to, anthracyclines, such as doxorubicin, daunorubicin, epirubicin, idarubicin, and nemorubicin; anthraquinones, such as mitoxantrone and losoxantrone; and podophillotoxines, such as etoposide and teniposide.

Microtubule active agents include microtubule stabilizing, microtubule destabilizing compounds, and microtubulin polymerization inhibitors including, but not limited to, taxanes, such as paclitaxel and docetaxel; vinca alkaloids, such as vinblastine, vinblastine sulfate, vincristine, and vincristine sulfate, and vinorelbine; discodermolides; cochicine and epothilones and derivatives thereof.

Exemplary nonlimiting alkylating agents include cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, melphalan, and nitrosoureas, such as carmustine and lomustine.

Exemplary nonlimiting cyclooxygenase inhibitors include Cox-2 inhibitors, 5-alkyl substituted 2-arylaminophenylacetic acid and derivatives, such as celecoxib, rofecoxib, etoricoxib, valdecoxib, or a 5-alkyl-2-arylaminophenylacetic acid, such as lumiracoxib.

Exemplary nonlimiting matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors (“MMP inhibitors”) include collagen peptidomimetic and nonpeptidomimetic inhibitors, tetracycline derivatives, batimastat, marimastat, prinomastat, metastat, BMS-279251, BAY 12-9566, TAA211, MMI270B, and AAJ996.

Exemplary nonlimiting mTOR inhibitors include compounds that inhibit the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and possess antiproliferative activity such as sirolimus, everolimus, CCI-779, and ABT578.

Exemplary nonlimiting antimetabolites include 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), capecitabine, gemcitabine, DNA demethylating compounds, such as 5-azacytidine and decitabine, methotrexate and edatrexate, and folic acid antagonists, such as pemetrexed.

Exemplary nonlimiting platin compounds include carboplatin, cis-platin, cisplatinum, and oxaliplatin.

Exemplary nonlimiting methionine aminopeptidase inhibitors include bengamide or a derivative thereof and PPI-2458.

Exemplary nonlimiting bisphosphonates include etridonic acid, clodronic acid, tiludronic acid, pamidronic acid, alendronic acid, ibandronic acid, risedronic acid, and zoledronic acid.

Exemplary nonlimiting antiproliferative antibodies include trastuzumab, trastuzumab-DM1, cetuximab, bevacizumab, rituximab, PR064553, and 2C4. The term “antibody” includes intact monoclonal antibodies, polyclonal antibodies, multispecific antibodies formed from at least two intact antibodies, and antibody fragments, so long as they exhibit the desired biological activity.

Exemplary nonlimiting heparanase inhibitors include compounds that target, decrease, or inhibit heparin sulfate degradation, such as PI-88 and OGT2115.

The term “an inhibitor of Ras oncogenic isoforms,” such as H-Ras, K-Ras, or N-Ras, as used herein refers to a compound which targets, decreases, or inhibits the oncogenic activity of Ras, for example, a farnesyl transferase inhibitor, such as L-744832, DK8G557, tipifarnib, and lonafarnib.

Exemplary nonlimiting telomerase inhibitors include compounds that target, decrease, or inhibit the activity of telomerase, such as compounds that inhibit the telomerase receptor, such as telomestatin.

Exemplary nonlimiting proteasome inhibitors include compounds that target, decrease, or inhibit the activity of the proteasome including, but not limited to, bortezomid.

The phrase “compounds used in the treatment of hematologic malignancies” as used herein includes FMS-like tyrosine kinase inhibitors, which are compounds targeting, decreasing or inhibiting the activity of FMS-like tyrosine kinase receptors (Flt-3R); interferon, I-β-D-arabinofuransylcytosine (ara-c), and bisulfan; and ALK inhibitors, which are compounds which target, decrease, or inhibit anaplastic lymphoma kinase.

Exemplary nonlimiting Flt-3 inhibitors include PKC412, midostaurin, a staurosporine derivative, SU11248, and MLN518.

Exemplary nonlimiting HSP90 inhibitors include compounds targeting, decreasing, or inhibiting the intrinsic ATPase activity of HSP90; or degrading, targeting, decreasing or inhibiting the HSP90 client proteins via the ubiquitin proteosome pathway. Compounds targeting, decreasing or inhibiting the intrinsic ATPase activity of HSP90 are especially compounds, proteins, or antibodies that inhibit the ATPase activity of HSP90, such as 17-allylamino,17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17AAG), a geldanamycin derivative; other geldanamycin related compounds; radicicol and HDAC inhibitors.

The phrase “a compound targeting/decreasing a protein or lipid kinase activity; or a protein or lipid phosphatase activity; or any further anti-angiogenic compound” as used herein includes a protein tyrosine kinase and/or serine and/or threonine kinase inhibitor or lipid kinase inhibitor, such as a) a compound targeting, decreasing, or inhibiting the activity of the platelet-derived growth factor-receptors (PDGFR), such as a compound that targets, decreases, or inhibits the activity of PDGFR, such as an N-phenyl-2-pyrimidine-amine derivatives, such as imatinib, SUlO1, SU6668, and GFB-111; b) a compound targeting, decreasing, or inhibiting the activity of the fibroblast growth factor-receptors (FGFR); c) a compound targeting, decreasing, or inhibiting the activity of the insulin-like growth factor receptor I (IGF-IR), such as a compound that targets, decreases, or inhibits the activity of IGF-IR; d) a compound targeting, decreasing, or inhibiting the activity of the Trk receptor tyrosine kinase family, or ephrin B4 inhibitors; e) a compound targeting, decreasing, or inhibiting the activity of the Axl receptor tyrosine kinase family; f) a compound targeting, decreasing, or inhibiting the activity of the Ret receptor tyrosine kinase; g) a compound targeting, decreasing, or inhibiting the activity of the Kit/SCFR receptor tyrosine kinase, such as imatinib; h) a compound targeting, decreasing, or inhibiting the activity of the c-Kit receptor tyrosine kinases, such as imatinib; i) a compound targeting, decreasing, or inhibiting the activity of members of the c-Abl family, their gene-fusion products (e.g. Bcr-Abl kinase) and mutants, such as an N-phenyl-2-pyrimidine-amine derivative, such as imatinib or nilotinib; PD180970; AG957; NSC 680410; PD173955; or dasatinib; j) a compound targeting, decreasing, or inhibiting the activity of members of the protein kinase C (PKC) and Raf family of serine/threonine kinases, members of the MEK, SRC, JAK, FAK, PDK1, PKB/Akt, and Ras/MAPK family members, and/or members of the cyclin-dependent kinase family (CDK), such as a staurosporine derivative disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,093,330, such as midostaurin; examples of further compounds include UCN-01, safingol, BAY 43-9006, bryostatin 1, perifosine; ilmofosine; RO 318220 and RO 320432; GO 6976; Isis 3521; LY333531/LY379196; a isochinoline compound; a famesyl transferase inhibitor; PD184352 or QAN697, or AT7519; k) a compound targeting, decreasing or inhibiting the activity of a protein-tyrosine kinase, such as imatinib mesylate or a tyrphostin, such as Tyrphostin A23/RG-50810; AG 99; Tyrphostin AG 213; Tyrphostin AG 1748; Tyrphostin AG 490; Tyrphostin B44; Tyrphostin B44 (+) enantiomer; Tyrphostin AG 555; AG 494; Tyrphostin AG 556, AG957 and adaphostin (4-{[(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)methyl]amino}-benzoic acid adamantyl ester; NSC 680410, adaphostin); 1) a compound targeting, decreasing, or inhibiting the activity of the epidermal growth factor family of receptor tyrosine kinases (EGFR, ErbB2, ErbB3, ErbB4 as homo- or heterodimers) and their mutants, such as CP 358774, ZD 1839, ZM 105180; trastuzumab, cetuximab, gefitinib, erlotinib, OSI-774, C1-1033, EKB-569, GW-2016, antibodies E1.1, E2.4, E2.5, E6.2, E6.4, E2.11, E6.3 and E7.6.3, and 7H-pyrrolo-[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives; and m) a compound targeting, decreasing, or inhibiting the activity of the c-Met receptor.

Exemplary compounds that target, decrease, or inhibit the activity of a protein or lipid phosphatase include inhibitors of phosphatase 1, phosphatase 2A, or CDC25, such as okadaic acid or a derivative thereof.

Further anti-angiogenic compounds include compounds having another mechanism for their activity unrelated to protein or lipid kinase inhibition, e.g., thalidomide and TNP-470.

Additional, nonlimiting, exemplary chemotherapeutic compounds, one or more of which may be used in combination with a present BET bromodomain degrader, include: daunorubicin, adriamycin, Ara-C, VP-16, teniposide, mitoxantrone, idarubicin, carboplatinum, PKC412, 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP), fludarabine phosphate, octreotide, SOM230, FTY720, 6-thioguanine, cladribine, 6-mercaptopurine, pentostatin, hydroxyurea, 2-hydroxy-1H-isoindole-1,3-dione derivatives, 1-(4-chloroanilino)-4-(4-pyridylmethyl)phthalazine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, 1-(4-chloroanilino)-4-(4-pyridylmethyl)phthalazine succinate, angiostatin, endostatin, anthranilic acid amides, ZD4190, ZD6474, SU5416, SU6668, bevacizumab, rhuMAb, rhuFab, macugon; FLT-4 inhibitors, FLT-3 inhibitors, VEGFR-2 IgGI antibody, RPI 4610, bevacizumab, porfimer sodium, anecortave, triamcinolone, hydrocortisone, 11-a-epihydrocotisol, cortex olone, 17a-hydroxyprogesterone, corticosterone, desoxycorticosterone, testosterone, estrone, dexamethasone, fluocinolone, a plant alkaloid, a hormonal compound and/or antagonist, a biological response modifier, such as a lymphokine or interferon, an antisense oligonucleotide or oligonucleotide derivative, shRNA, and siRNA.

Other examples of second therapeutic agents, one or more of which a present BET bromodomain degrader also can be combined, include, but are not limited to: a treatment for Alzheimer's Disease, such as donepezil and rivastigmine; a treatment for Parkinson's Disease, such as L-DOPA/carbidopa, entacapone, ropinrole, pramipexole, bromocriptine, pergolide, trihexephendyl, and amantadine; an agent for treating multiple sclerosis (MS) such as beta interferon (e.g., AVONEX® and REBIF®), glatiramer acetate, and mitoxantrone; a treatment for asthma, such as albuterol and montelukast; an agent for treating schizophrenia, such as zyprexa, risperdal, seroquel, and haloperidol; an anti-inflammatory agent, such as a corticosteroid, a TNF blocker, IL-1 RA, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, and sulfasalazine; an immunomodulatory agent, including immunosuppressive agents, such as cyclosporin, tacrolimus, rapamycin, mycophenolate mofetil, an interferon, a corticosteroid, cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, and sulfasalazine; a neurotrophic factor, such as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, an MAO inhibitor, an interferon, an anti-convulsant, an ion channel blocker, riluzole, or an anti-Parkinson's agent; an agent for treating cardiovascular disease, such as a beta-blocker, an ACE inhibitor, a diuretic, a nitrate, a calcium channel blocker, or a statin; an agent for treating liver disease, such as a corticosteroid, cholestyramine, an interferon, and an anti-viral agent; an agent for treating blood disorders, such as a corticosteroid, an anti-leukemic agent, or a growth factor; or an agent for treating immunodeficiency disorders, such as gamma globulin.

The above-mentioned second therapeutically active agents, one or more of which can be used in combination with a Compound of the Disclosure, are prepared and administered as described in the art.

Compounds of the Disclosure typically are administered in admixture with a pharmaceutical carrier selected with regard to the intended route of administration and standard pharmaceutical practice. Pharmaceutical compositions for use in accordance with the present disclosure are formulated in a conventional manner using one or more physiologically acceptable carriers comprising excipients and/or auxiliaries that facilitate processing of Compound of the Disclosure.

These pharmaceutical compositions can be manufactured, for example, by conventional mixing, dissolving, granulating, dragee-making, emulsifying, encapsulating, entrapping, or lyophilizing processes. Proper formulation is dependent upon the route of administration chosen. When a therapeutically effective amount of the Compound of the Disclosure is administered orally, the composition typically is in the form of a tablet, capsule, powder, solution, or elixir. When administered in tablet form, the composition additionally can contain a solid carrier, such as a gelatin or an adjuvant. The tablet, capsule, and powder contain about 0.01% to about 95%, and preferably from about 1% to about 50%, of a Compound of the Disclosure. When administered in liquid form, a liquid carrier, such as water, petroleum, or oils of animal or plant origin, can be added. The liquid form of the composition can further contain physiological saline solution, dextrose or other saccharide solutions, or glycols. When administered in liquid form, the composition contains about 0.1% to about 90%, and preferably about 1% to about 50%, by weight, of a Compound of the Disclosure.

When a therapeutically effective amount of a Compound of the Disclosure is administered by intravenous, cutaneous, or subcutaneous injection, the composition is in the form of a pyrogen-free, parenterally acceptable aqueous solution. The preparation of such parenterally acceptable solutions, having due regard to pH, isotonicity, stability, and the like, is within the skill in the art. A preferred composition for intravenous, cutaneous, or subcutaneous injection typically contains, an isotonic vehicle.

Compounds of the Disclosure can be readily combined with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers well-known in the art. Standard pharmaceutical carriers are described in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mack Publishing Co., Easton, Pa., 19th ed. 1995. Such carriers enable the active agents to be formulated as tablets, pills, dragees, capsules, liquids, gels, syrups, slurries, suspensions and the like, for oral ingestion by a patient to be treated. Pharmaceutical preparations for oral use can be obtained by adding the Compound of the Disclosure to a solid excipient, optionally grinding the resulting mixture, and processing the mixture of granules, after adding suitable auxiliaries, if desired, to obtain tablets or dragee cores. Suitable excipients include, for example, fillers and cellulose preparations. If desired, disintegrating agents can be added.

Compound of the Disclosure can be formulated for parenteral administration by injection, e.g., by bolus injection or continuous infusion. Formulations for injection can be presented in unit dosage form, e.g., in ampules or in multidose containers, with an added preservative. The compositions can take such forms as suspensions, solutions, or emulsions in oily or aqueous vehicles, and can contain formulatory agents such as suspending, stabilizing, and/or dispersing agents.

Pharmaceutical compositions for parenteral administration include aqueous solutions of the active agent in water-soluble form. Additionally, suspensions of a Compound of the Disclosure can be prepared as appropriate oily injection suspensions. Suitable lipophilic solvents or vehicles include fatty oils or synthetic fatty acid esters. Aqueous injection suspensions can contain substances which increase the viscosity of the suspension. Optionally, the suspension also can contain suitable stabilizers or agents that increase the solubility of the compounds and allow for the preparation of highly concentrated solutions. Alternatively, a present composition can be in powder form for constitution with a suitable vehicle, e.g., sterile pyrogen-free water, before use.

Compounds of the Disclosure also can be formulated in rectal compositions, such as suppositories or retention enemas, e.g., containing conventional suppository bases. In addition to the formulations described previously, the Compound of the Disclosure also can be formulated as a depot preparation. Such long-acting formulations can be administered by implantation (for example, subcutaneously or intramuscularly) or by intramuscular injection. Thus, for example, the Compound of the Disclosure can be formulated with suitable polymeric or hydrophobic materials (for example, as an emulsion in an acceptable oil) or ion exchange resins.

In particular, the Compounds of the Disclosure can be administered orally, buccally, or sublingually in the form of tablets containing excipients, such as starch or lactose, or in capsules or ovules, either alone or in admixture with excipients, or in the form of elixirs or suspensions containing flavoring or coloring agents. Such liquid preparations can be prepared with pharmaceutically acceptable additives, such as suspending agents. Compound of the Disclosure also can be injected parenterally, for example, intravenously, intramuscularly, subcutaneously, or intracoronarily. For parenteral administration, the Compound of the Disclosure are typically used in the form of a sterile aqueous solution which can contain other substances, for example, salts or monosaccharides, such as mannitol or glucose, to make the solution isotonic with blood.

In another embodiment, the present disclosure provides kits which comprise a Compound of the Disclosure (or a composition comprising a Compound of the Disclosure) packaged in a manner that facilitates their use to practice methods of the present disclosure. In one embodiment, the kit includes a Compound of the Disclosure (or a composition comprising a Compound of the Disclosure) packaged in a container, such as a sealed bottle or vessel, with a label affixed to the container or included in the kit that describes use of the compound or composition to practice the method of the disclosure. In one embodiment, the compound or composition is packaged in a unit dosage form. The kit further can include a device suitable for administering the composition according to the intended route of administration.

The term “BET bromodomain” or “BET bromodomain protein” or “BET” as used herein means one or more of BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, and BRD-t, or an isoform or mutant thereof.

A “monovalent radical of a ligand for an E3 ubiquitin ligase protein” is derived from the removal of a hydrogen or other suitable atom, e.g., Br, I, or group, e.g., —OH, from a parent E3 ubiquitin ligase protein ligand. The removal of a hydrogen atom or other suitable atom or group facilitates the linkage of the parent E3 ubiquitin ligase protein ligand to a BET bromodomain inhibitor to give a heterobifunctional compound having Formula I. In one embodiment, a hydrogen atom is removed from any suitable —NH₂ group of the parent E3 ubiquitin ligase protein ligand. In another embodiment, a hydrogen atom is removed from any suitable —OH group of the parent E3 ubiquitin ligase protein ligand. In another embodiment, a hydrogen atom is removed from any suitable —N(H)— group of the parent E3 ubiquitin ligase protein ligand. In another embodiment, a hydrogen atom is removed from any suitable —CH₃, —CH₂—, —CH═ group of the parent E3 ubiquitin ligase protein ligand. In another embodiment, the hydrogen atom is removed from any suitable —OH group of the parent E3 ubiquitin ligase protein ligand. In another embodiment, a Br or I atom is removed from any suitable aryl or heteroaryl group of the parent E3 ubiquitin ligase protein ligand. Exemplary non-limiting monovalent radicals of E3 ubiquitin ligase protein ligands include:

A “ligand for an E3 ubiquitin ligase protein” or “parent ligand for an E3 ubiquitin ligase protein” or “E3 ubiquitin ligase protein ligand” and the like refers to a compound that binds, e.g., inhibits, an E3 ubiquitin ligase protein, including the von Hippel-Lindau protein (VHL). Ligands for E3 ubiquitin ligase proteins are known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Exemplary non-limiting ligands for an E3 ubiquitin ligase protein include phthalimide-based drugs such as thalidomide.

The term “a disease or condition wherein degradation of BET bromodomain proteins provides a benefit” pertains to a disease or condition in which at least one of BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, and BRD-t, and/or an action of at least one of BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, and BRD-t, is important or necessary, e.g., for the onset, progress, expression of that disease or condition, or a disease or a condition which is known to be treated by a BET bromodomain inhibitor or degrader. Examples of such conditions include, but are not limited to, a cancer, a chronic autoimmune disease, an inflammatory disease, a proliferative disease, sepsis, and a viral infection. One of ordinary skill in the art is readily able to determine whether a compound treats a disease or condition mediated by a BET bromodomain for any particular cell type, for example, by assays which conveniently can be used to assess the activity of particular compounds.

The term “second therapeutic agent” refers to a therapeutic agent different from a Compound of the Disclosure and that is known to treat the disease or condition of interest. For example when a cancer is the disease or condition of interest, the second therapeutic agent can be a known chemotherapeutic drug, like taxol, or radiation, for example.

The term “disease” or “condition” denotes disturbances and/or anomalies that as a rule are regarded as being pathological conditions or functions, and that can manifest themselves in the form of particular signs, symptoms, and/or malfunctions. As demonstrated below, a Compound of the Disclosure is a degrader of BET bromodomain proteins and can be used in treating diseases and conditions wherein degradation of BET bromodomains provides a benefit.

As used herein, the terms “treat,” “treating,” “treatment,” refer to eliminating, reducing, or ameliorating a disease or condition, and/or symptoms associated therewith. Although not precluded, treating a disease or condition does not require that the disease, condition, or symptoms associated therewith be completely eliminated. As used herein, the terms “treat,” “treating,” “treatment,” may include “prophylactic treatment,” which refers to reducing the probability of redeveloping a disease or condition, or of a recurrence of a previously-controlled disease or condition, in a subject who does not have, but is at risk of or is susceptible to, redeveloping a disease or condition or a recurrence of the disease or condition. The term “treat” and synonyms contemplate administering a therapeutically effective amount of a Compound of the Disclosure to an individual in need of such treatment.

Within the meaning of the disclosure, “treatment” also includes relapse prophylaxis or phase prophylaxis, as well as the treatment of acute or chronic signs, symptoms and/or malfunctions. The treatment can be orientated symptomatically, for example, to suppress symptoms. It can be effected over a short period, be oriented over a medium term, or can be a long-term treatment, for example within the context of a maintenance therapy.

The term “therapeutically effective amount” or “effective dose” as used herein refers to an amount of the active ingredient(s) that is(are) sufficient, when administered by a method of the disclosure, to efficaciously deliver the active ingredient(s) for the treatment of condition or disease of interest to an individual in need thereof. In the case of a cancer or other proliferation disorder, the therapeutically effective amount of the agent may reduce (i.e., retard to some extent and preferably stop) unwanted cellular proliferation; reduce the number of cancer cells; reduce the tumor size; inhibit (i.e., retard to some extent and preferably stop) cancer cell infiltration into peripheral organs; inhibit (i.e., retard to some extent and preferably stop) tumor metastasis; inhibit, to some extent, tumor growth; reduce BET bromodomain signaling in the target cells; and/or relieve, to some extent, one or more of the symptoms associated with the cancer. To the extent the administered compound or composition prevents growth and/or kills existing cancer cells, it may be cytostatic and/or cytotoxic.

The term “container” means any receptacle and closure therefore suitable for storing, shipping, dispensing, and/or handling a pharmaceutical product.

The term “insert” means information accompanying a pharmaceutical product that provides a description of how to administer the product, along with the safety and efficacy data required to allow the physician, pharmacist, and patient to make an informed decision regarding use of the product. The package insert generally is regarded as the “label” for a pharmaceutical product.

“Concurrent administration,” “administered in combination,” “simultaneous administration,” and similar phrases mean that two or more agents are administered concurrently to the subject being treated. By “concurrently,” it is meant that each agent is administered either simultaneously or sequentially in any order at different points in time. However, if not administered simultaneously, it is meant that they are administered to an individual in a sequence and sufficiently close in time so as to provide the desired therapeutic effect and can act in concert. For example, a Compound of the Disclosure can be administered at the same time or sequentially in any order at different points in time as a second therapeutic agent. A Compound of the Disclosure and the second therapeutic agent can be administered separately, in any appropriate form and by any suitable route. When a Compound of the Disclosure and the second therapeutic agent are not administered concurrently, it is understood that they can be administered in any order to a subject in need thereof. For example, a Compound of the Disclosure can be administered prior to (e.g., 5 minutes, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours, 96 hours, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, 5 weeks, 6 weeks, 8 weeks, or 12 weeks before), concomitantly with, or subsequent to (e.g., 5 minutes, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours, 96 hours, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, 5 weeks, 6 weeks, 8 weeks, or 12 weeks after) the administration of a second therapeutic agent treatment modality (e.g., radiotherapy), to an individual in need thereof. In various embodiments, a Compound of the Disclosure and the second therapeutic agent are administered 1 minute apart, 10 minutes apart, 30 minutes apart, less than 1 hour apart, 1 hour apart, 1 hour to 2 hours apart, 2 hours to 3 hours apart, 3 hours to 4 hours apart, 4 hours to 5 hours apart, 5 hours to 6 hours apart, 6 hours to 7 hours apart, 7 hours to 8 hours apart, 8 hours to 9 hours apart, 9 hours to 10 hours apart, 10 hours to 11 hours apart, 11 hours to 12 hours apart, no more than 24 hours apart or no more than 48 hours apart. In one embodiment, the components of the combination therapies are administered at about 1 minute to about 24 hours apart.

The use of the terms “a”, “an”, “the”, and similar referents in the context of describing the disclosure (especially in the context of the claims) are to be construed to cover both the singular and the plural, unless otherwise indicated. Recitation of ranges of values herein merely are intended to serve as a shorthand method of referring individually to each separate value falling within the range, unless otherwise indicated herein, and each separate value is incorporated into the specification as if it were individually recited herein. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., “such as”) provided herein, is intended to better illustrate the disclosure and is not a limitation on the scope of the disclosure unless otherwise claimed. No language in the specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element as essential to the practice of the disclosure.

The term “about,” as used herein, includes the recited number ±10%. Thus, “about 10” means 9 to 11.

In the present disclosure, the term “halo” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to —Cl, —F, —Br, or —I.

In the present disclosure, the term “nitro” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to —NO₂.

In the present disclosure, the term “cyano” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to —CN.

In the present disclosure, the term “hydroxy” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to —OH.

In the present disclosure, the term “alkyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to unsubstituted straight- or branched-chain aliphatic hydrocarbons containing from one to twelve carbon atoms, i.e., C₁₋₂₀ alkyl, or the number of carbon atoms designated, e.g., a C₁ alkyl such as methyl, a C₂ alkyl such as ethyl, a C₃ alkyl such as propyl or isopropyl, a C₁₋₃ alkyl such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, or isopropyl, and so on. In one embodiment, the alkyl is a C₁₋₁₀ alkyl. In another embodiment, the alkyl is a C₁₋₆ alkyl. In another embodiment, the alkyl is a C₁₋₄ alkyl. In another embodiment, the alkyl is a straight chain C₁₋₁₀ alkyl. In another embodiment, the alkyl is a branched chain C₃₋₁₀ alkyl. In another embodiment, the alkyl is a straight chain C₁₋₆ alkyl. In another embodiment, the alkyl is a branched chain C₃₋₆ alkyl. In another embodiment, the alkyl is a straight chain C₁₋₄ alkyl. In another embodiment, the alkyl is a branched chain C₃₋₄ alkyl. In another embodiment, the alkyl is a straight or branched chain C₃₋₄ alkyl. Non-limiting exemplary C₁₋₁₀ alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, iso-butyl, 3-pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, and decyl. Non-limiting exemplary C₁₋₄ alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, and iso-butyl.

In the present disclosure, the term “heteroalkyl” as used by itself or part of another group refers to unsubstituted straight- or branched-chain aliphatic hydrocarbons containing from three to thirty chain atoms, i.e., 3- to 30-membered heteroalkyl, or the number of chain atoms designated, wherein at least one —CH₂— is replaced with at least one —O—, —N(H)—, or —S—. The —O—, N(H)—, or —S— can independently be placed at any interior position of the aliphatic hydrocarbon chain so long as each —O—, N(H)—, or —S— group is separated by at least two —CH₂— groups. In one embodiment, one —CH₂— group is replaced with one —O— group. In another embodiment, two —CH₂— groups are replaced with two —O— groups. In another embodiment, three —CH₂— groups are replaced with three —O— groups. In another embodiment, four —CH₂— groups are replaced with four —O— groups. Non-limiting exemplary heteroalkyl groups include:

—CH₂OCH₃;

—CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₃;

—CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₃;

—CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₃; and

—CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₃.

In the present disclosure, the term “alkylenyl” as used herein by itself or part of another group refers to a divalent form of an alkyl group. In one embodiment, the alkylenyl is a divalent form of a C₁₋₁₂ alkyl. In one embodiment, the alkylenyl is a divalent form of a C₁₋₁₀ alkyl. In one embodiment, the alkylenyl is a divalent form of a C₁₋₈ alkyl. In one embodiment, the alkylenyl is a divalent form of a C₁₋₆ alkyl. In another embodiment, the alkylenyl is a divalent form of a C₁₋₄ alkyl. Non-limiting exemplary alkylenyl groups include:

—CH₂—,

—CH₂CH₂—,

—CH₂CH₂CH₂—,

—CH₂(CH₂)₂CH₂—,

—CH(CH₂)₃CH₂—,

—CH₂(CH₂)₄CH₂—,

—CH₂(CH₂)₅CH₂—,

—CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂—, and

—CH₂C(CH₃)₂CH₂—.

In the present disclosure, the term “heteroalkylenyl” as used herein by itself or part of another group refers to a divalent form of a heteroalkyl group. In one embodiment, the heteroalkylenyl is a divalent form of a 3- to 12-membered heteroalkyl. In another embodiment, the heteroalkylenyl is a divalent form of a 3- to 10-membered heteroalkyl. In another embodiment, the heteroalkylenyl is a divalent form of a 3- to 8-membered heteroalkyl. In another embodiment, the heteroalkylenyl is a divalent form of a 3- to 6-membered heteroalkyl. In another embodiment, the heteroalkylenyl is a divalent form of a 3- to 4-membered heteroalkyl. In another embodiment, the heteroalkylenyl is a radical of the formula: —(CH₂)_(o)—(CH₂CH₂O)_(p)—(CH₂)_(q)—, wherein o is 2 or 3; p is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7; and q is 2 or 3. In another embodiment, the heteroalkylenyl is a radical of the formula: —(CH₂)_(r)O—(CH₂)_(s)—O(CH₂)_(t)—, wherein r is 2, 3, or 4; s is 3, 4, or 5; and t is 2 or 3. Non-limiting exemplary heteroalkylenyl groups include:

—CH₂OCH₂—;

—CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂—;

—CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂—;

—CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂—;

—CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂—; and

—CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂O—.

In the present disclosure, the term “optionally substituted alkyl” as used by itself or as part of another group means that the alkyl as defined above is either unsubstituted or substituted with one, two, or three substituents independently chosen from nitro, haloalkoxy, aryloxy, aralkyloxy, alkylthio, sulfonamido, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, and the like. In one embodiment, the optionally substituted alkyl is substituted with two substituents. In another embodiment, the optionally substituted alkyl is substituted with one substituent. Non-limiting exemplary optionally substituted alkyl groups include —CH₂CH₂NO₂, —CH₂SO₂CH₃ CH₂CH₂CO₂H, —CH₂CH₂SO₂CH₃, —CH₂CH₂COPh, and —CH₂C₆H₁₁.

In the present disclosure, the term “cycloalkyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to saturated and partially unsaturated (containing one or two double bonds) cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbons containing one to three rings having from three to twelve carbon atoms (i.e., C₃₋₁₂ cycloalkyl) or the number of carbons designated. In one embodiment, the cycloalkyl group has two rings. In one embodiment, the cycloalkyl group has one ring. In another embodiment, the cycloalkyl group is chosen from a C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl group. In another embodiment, the cycloalkyl group is chosen from a C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl group. Non-limiting exemplary cycloalkyl groups include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, norbornyl, decalin, adamantyl, cyclohexenyl, and cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl.

In the present disclosure, the term “optionally substituted cycloalkyl” as used by itself or as part of another group means that the cycloalkyl as defined above is either unsubstituted or substituted with one, two, or three substituents independently chosen from halo, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, amino, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, aryloxy, aralkyloxy, alkylthio, carboxamido, sulfonamido, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, alkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heterocyclo, alkoxyalkyl, (amino)alkyl, (carboxamido)alkyl, mercaptoalkyl, and (heterocyclo)alkyl. In one embodiment, the optionally substituted cycloalkyl is substituted with two substituents. In another embodiment, the optionally substituted cycloalkyl is substituted with one substituent.

In the present disclosure, the term “alkenyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl group as defined above containing one, two or three carbon-to-carbon double bonds. In one embodiment, the alkenyl group is chosen from a C₂₋₆ alkenyl group. In another embodiment, the alkenyl group is chosen from a C₂₋₄ alkenyl group. Non-limiting exemplary alkenyl groups include ethenyl, propenyl, isopropenyl, butenyl, sec-butenyl, pentenyl, and hexenyl.

In the present disclosure, the term “optionally substituted alkenyl” as used herein by itself or as part of another group means the alkenyl as defined above is either unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three substituents independently chosen from halo, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, aryloxy, aralkyloxy, alkylthio, carboxamido, sulfonamido, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclo.

In the present disclosure, the term “alkynyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl group as defined above containing one to three carbon-to-carbon triple bonds. In one embodiment, the alkynyl has one carbon-to-carbon triple bond. In one embodiment, the alkynyl group is chosen from a C₂₋₆ alkynyl group. In another embodiment, the alkynyl group is chosen from a C₂₋₄ alkynyl group. Non-limiting exemplary alkynyl groups include ethynyl, propynyl, butynyl, 2-butynyl, pentynyl, and hexynyl groups.

In the present disclosure, the term “optionally substituted alkynyl” as used herein by itself or as part of another group means the alkynyl as defined above is either unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three substituents independently chosen from halo, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, aryloxy, aralkyloxy, alkylthio, carboxamido, sulfonamido, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclo.

In the present disclosure, the term “haloalkyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl group substituted by one or more fluorine, chlorine, bromine and/or iodine atoms. In one embodiment, the alkyl group is substituted by one, two, or three fluorine and/or chlorine atoms. In another embodiment, the haloalkyl group is chosen from a C₁₋₄ haloalkyl group. Non-limiting exemplary haloalkyl groups include fluoromethyl, 2-fluoroethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 1,1-difluoroethyl, 2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl, 4,4,4-trifluorobutyl, and trichloromethyl groups.

In the present disclosure, the term “hydroxyalkyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl group substituted with one or more, e.g., one, two, or three, hydroxy groups. In one embodiment, the hydroxyalkyl group is a monohydroxyalkyl group, i.e., substituted with one hydroxy group. In another embodiment, the hydroxyalkyl group is a dihydroxyalkyl group, i.e., substituted with two hydroxy groups, e.g.,

In another embodiment, the hydroxyalkyl group is chosen from a C₁₋₄ hydroxyalkyl group. Non-limiting exemplary hydroxyalkyl groups include hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl and hydroxybutyl groups, such as 1-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 1,2-dihydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, 3-hydroxypropyl, 3-hydroxybutyl, 4-hydroxybutyl, 2-hydroxy-1-methylpropyl, and 1,3-dihydroxyprop-2-yl.

In the present disclosure, the term “alkoxy” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl or optionally substituted alkynyl attached to a terminal oxygen atom. In one embodiment, the alkoxy group is chosen from a C₁₋₄ alkoxy group. In another embodiment, the alkoxy group is chosen from a C₁₋₄ alkyl attached to a terminal oxygen atom, e.g., methoxy, ethoxy, and tert-butoxy.

In the present disclosure, the term “alkylthio” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to a sulfur atom substituted by an optionally substituted alkyl group. In one embodiment, the alkylthio group is chosen from a C₁₋₄ alkylthio group. Non-limiting exemplary alkylthio groups include —SCH₃, and —SCH₂CH₃.

In the present disclosure, the term “alkoxyalkyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl group substituted with an alkoxy group. Non-limiting exemplary alkoxyalkyl groups include methoxymethyl, methoxyethyl, methoxypropyl, methoxybutyl, ethoxymethyl, ethoxyethyl, ethoxypropyl, ethoxybutyl, propoxymethyl, iso-propoxymethyl, propoxyethyl, propoxypropyl, butoxymethyl, tert-butoxymethyl, isobutoxymethyl, sec-butoxymethyl, and pentyloxymethyl.

In the present disclosure, the term “haloalkoxy” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to a haloalkyl attached to a terminal oxygen atom. Non-limiting exemplary haloalkoxy groups include fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, and 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy.

In the present disclosure, the term “aryl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to a monocyclic or bicyclic aromatic ring system having from six to fourteen carbon atoms (i.e., C₆-C₁₄ aryl). Non-limiting exemplary aryl groups include phenyl (abbreviated as “Ph”), naphthyl, phenanthryl, anthracyl, indenyl, azulenyl, biphenyl, biphenylenyl, and fluorenyl groups. In one embodiment, the aryl group is chosen from phenyl or naphthyl.

In the present disclosure, the term “optionally substituted aryl” as used herein by itself or as part of another group means that the aryl as defined above is either unsubstituted or substituted with one to five substituents independently chosen from halo, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, aryloxy, aralkyloxy, alkylthio, carboxamido, sulfonamido, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, alkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, optionally substituted awl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heterocyclo, alkoxyalkyl, (amino)alkyl, (carboxamido)alkyl, mercaptoalkyl, or (heterocyclo)alkyl.

In one embodiment, the optionally substituted aryl is an optionally substituted phenyl. In one embodiment, the optionally substituted phenyl has four substituents. In another embodiment, the optionally substituted phenyl has three substituents. In another embodiment, the optionally substituted phenyl has two substituents. In another embodiment, the optionally substituted phenyl has one substituent. Non-limiting exemplary substituted aryl groups include 2-methylphenyl, 2-methoxyphenyl, 2-fluorophenyl, 2-chlorophenyl, 2-bromophenyl, 3-methylphenyl, 3-methoxyphenyl, 3-fluorophenyl, 3-chlorophenyl, 4-methylphenyl, 4-ethylphenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 4-chlorophenyl, 2,6-di-fluorophenyl, 2,6-di-chlorophenyl, 2-methyl, 3-methoxyphenyl, 2-ethyl, 3-methoxyphenyl, 3,4-di-methoxyphenyl, 3,5-di-fluorophenyl 3,5-di-methylphenyl, 3,5-dimethoxy, 4-methylphenyl, 2-fluoro-3-chlorophenyl, and 3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl. The term optionally substituted aryl is meant to include groups having fused optionally substituted cycloalkyl and fused optionally substituted heterocyclo rings. Non-limiting examples include:

In the present disclosure, the term “phenylenyl” as used herein by itself or part of another group refers to a divalent form of an optionally substituted phenyl group. Non-limiting examples include:

In the present disclosure, the term “aryloxy” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an optionally substituted aryl attached to a terminal oxygen atom. A non-limiting exemplary aryloxy group is PhO—.

In the present disclosure, the term “aralkyloxy” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an aralkyl group attached to a terminal oxygen atom. A non-limiting exemplary aralkyloxy group is PhCH₂O—.

In the present disclosure, the term “heteroaryl” or “heteroaromatic” refers to monocyclic and bicyclic aromatic ring systems having 5 to 14 ring atoms (i.e., C₅-C₁₄ heteroaryl), wherein at least one carbon atom of one of the rings is replaced with a heteroatom independently selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur. In one embodiment, the heteroaryl contains 1, 2, 3, or 4 heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur. In one embodiment, the heteroaryl has three heteroatoms. In another embodiment, the heteroaryl has two heteroatoms. In another embodiment, the heteroaryl has one heteroatom. Non-limiting exemplary heteroaryl groups include thienyl, benzo[b]thienyl, naphtho[2,3-b]thienyl, thianthrenyl, furyl, benzofuryl, pyranyl, isobenzofuranyl, benzooxazonyl, chromenyl, xanthenyl, 2H-pyrrolyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, isoindolyl, 3H-indolyl, indolyl, indazolyl, purinyl, isoquinolyl, quinolyl, phthalazinyl, naphthyridinyl, cinnolinyl, quinazolinyl, pteridinyl, 4aH-carbazolyl, carbazolyl, β-carbolinyl, phenanthridinyl, acridinyl, pyrimidinyl, phenanthrolinyl, phenazinyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, phenothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, furazanyl, and phenoxazinyl. In one embodiment, the heteroaryl is chosen from thienyl (e.g., thien-2-yl and thien-3-yl), furyl (e.g., 2-furyl and 3-furyl), pyrrolyl (e.g., 1H-pyrrol-2-yl and 1H-pyrrol-3-yl), imidazolyl (e.g., 2H-imidazol-2-yl and 2H-imidazol-4-yl), pyrazolyl (e.g., 1H-pyrazol-3-yl, 1H-pyrazol-4-yl, and 1H-pyrazol-5-yl), pyridyl (e.g., pyridin-2-yl, pyridin-3-yl, and pyridin-4-yl), pyrimidinyl (e.g., pyrimidin-2-yl, pyrimidin-4-yl, and pyrimidin-5-yl), thiazolyl (e.g., thiazol-2-yl, thiazol-4-yl, and thiazol-5-yl), isothiazolyl (e.g., isothiazol-3-yl, isothiazol-4-yl, and isothiazol-5-yl), oxazolyl (e.g., oxazol-2-yl, oxazol-4-yl, and oxazol-5-yl), isoxazolyl (e.g., isoxazol-3-yl, isoxazol-4-yl, and isoxazol-5-yl), and indazolyl (e.g., 1H-indazol-3-yl). The term “heteroaryl” is also meant to include possible N-oxides. A non-limiting exemplary N-oxide is pyridyl N-oxide.

In one embodiment, the heteroaryl is a 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, the heteroaryl is a 5-membered heteroaryl, i.e., the heteroaryl is a monocyclic aromatic ring system having 5 ring atoms wherein at least one carbon atom of the ring is replaced with a heteroatom independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. Non-limiting exemplary 5-membered heteroaryl groups include thienyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, and isoxazolyl.

In another embodiment, the heteroaryl is a 6-membered heteroaryl, e.g., the heteroaryl is a monocyclic aromatic ring system having 6 ring atoms wherein at least one carbon atom of the ring is replaced with a nitrogen atom. Non-limiting exemplary 6-membered heteroaryl groups include pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, and pyridazinyl.

In the present disclosure, the term “optionally substituted heteroaryl” as used by itself or as part of another group means that the heteroaryl as defined above is either unsubstituted or substituted with one to four substituents, e.g., one or two substituents, independently chosen from halo, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, aryloxy, aralkyloxy, alkylthio, carboxamido, sulfonamido, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, alkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heterocyclo, alkoxyalkyl, (amino)alkyl, (carboxamido)alkyl, mercaptoalkyl, or (heterocyclo)alkyl. In one embodiment, the optionally substituted heteroaryl has one substituent. Any available carbon or nitrogen atom can be substituted. Non-limiting exemplary optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl groups include, but are not limited to:

The term optionally substituted heteroaryl is also meant to include groups having fused optionally substituted cycloalkyl and fused optionally substituted heterocyclo rings. Non-limiting examples include:

In the present disclosure, the term “heteroarylenyl” as used herein by itself or part of another group refers to a divalent form of an optionally substituted heteroaryl group. In one embodiment, the heteroarylenyl is a 5-membered heteroarylenyl. Non-limiting examples of a 5-membered heteroarylenyl include:

In one embodiment, the heteroarylenyl is a 6-membered heteroarylenyl. Non-limiting examples of a 6-membered heteroarylenyl include:

In the present disclosure, the term “heterocycle” or “heterocyclo” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to saturated and partially unsaturated (e.g., containing one or two double bonds) cyclic groups containing one, two, or three rings having from three to fourteen ring members (i.e., a 3- to 14-membered heterocyclo) wherein at least one carbon atom of one of the rings is replaced with a heteroatom. Each heteroatom is independently selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur, including sulfoxide and sulfone, and/or nitrogen atoms, which can be oxidized or quaternized. The term “heterocyclo” is meant to include groups wherein a ring —CH₂— is replaced with a —C(═O)—, for example, cyclic ureido groups such as 2-imidazolidinone and cyclic amide groups such as β-lactam, γ-lactam, δ-lactam, ε-lactam, and piperazin-2-one. The term “heterocyclo” is also meant to include groups having fused optionally substituted aryl groups, e.g., indolinyl, chroman-4-yl. In one embodiment, the heterocyclo group is chosen from a 5- or 6-membered cyclic group containing one ring and one or two oxygen and/or nitrogen atoms. The heterocyclo can be optionally linked to the rest of the molecule through any available carbon or nitrogen atom. Non-limiting exemplary heterocyclo groups include dioxanyl, tetrahydropyranyl, 2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl, piperazin-2-one, piperazine-2,6-dione, 2-imidazolidinone, piperidinyl, morpholinyl, piperazinyl, pyrrolidinyl, and indolinyl.

In the present disclosure, the term “optionally substituted heterocyclo” as used herein by itself or part of another group means the heterocyclo as defined above is either unsubstituted or substituted with one to four substituents independently selected from halo, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, aryloxy, aralkyloxy, alkylthio, carboxamido, sulfonamido, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, CF₃C(═O)—, arylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, alkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heterocyclo, alkoxyalkyl, (amino)alkyl, (carboxamido)alkyl, mercaptoalkyl, or (heterocyclo)alkyl. Substitution may occur on any available carbon or nitrogen atom, or both. Non-limiting exemplary optionally substituted heterocyclo groups include:

In the present disclosure, the term “amino” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to —NR^(10a)R^(10b), wherein R^(10a) and R^(10b) are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heterocyclo, or optionally substituted heteroaryl, or R^(10a) and R^(10b) are taken together to form a 3- to 8-membered optionally substituted heterocyclo. Non-limiting exemplary amino groups include —NH₂ and —N(H)(CH₃).

In the present disclosure, the term “(amino)alkyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl group substituted with an amino group. Non-limiting exemplary amino alkyl groups include —CH₂CH₂NH₂, and —CH₂CH₂N(H)CH₃, —CH₂CH₂N(CH₃)₂, and —CH₂N(H)cyclopropyl.

In the present disclosure, the term “carboxamido” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to a radical of formula —C(═O)NR^(9a)R^(9b), wherein R^(9a) and R^(9b) are each independently hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heterocyclo, or optionally substituted heteroaryl, or R^(9a) and R^(9b) taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a 3- to 8-membered optionally substituted heterocyclo group. In one embodiment, R^(9a) and R^(9b) are each independently hydrogen or optionally substituted alkyl. In one embodiment, R^(9a) and R^(9b) are taken together to taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a 3- to 8-membered optionally substituted heterocyclo group. Non-limiting exemplary carboxamido groups include, but are not limited to, —CONH₂, —CON(H)CH₃, —CON(CH₃)₂, —CON(H)Ph,

In the present disclosure, the term “sulfonamido” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to a radical of the formula —SO₂NR^(8a)R^(8b), wherein R^(8a) and R^(8b) are each independently hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, or optionally substituted aryl, or R^(8a) and R^(8b) taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached from a 3- to 8-membered heterocyclo group. Non-limiting exemplary sulfonamido groups include —SO₂NH₂, —SO₂N(H)CH₃, and —SO₂N(H)Ph.

In the present disclosure, the term “alkylcarbonyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to a carbonyl group, i.e., —C(═O)—, substituted by an alkyl group. A non-limiting exemplary alkylcarbonyl group is —COCH₃.

In the present disclosure, the term “arylcarbonyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to a carbonyl group, i.e., —C(═O)—, substituted by an optionally substituted aryl group. A non-limiting exemplary arylcarbonyl group is —COPh.

In the present disclosure, the term “alkoxycarbonyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to a carbonyl group, i.e., —C(═O)—, substituted by an alkoxy group. Non-limiting exemplary alkoxycarbonyl groups include —C(═O)OMe, —C(═O)OEt, and —C(═O)OtBu.

In the present disclosure, the term “alkylsulfonyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to a sulfonyl group, i.e., —SO₂—, substituted by any of the above-mentioned optionally substituted alkyl groups. A non-limiting exemplary alkylsulfonyl group is —SO₂CH₃.

In the present disclosure, the term “arylsulfonyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to a sulfonyl group, i.e., —SO₂—, substituted by any of the above-mentioned optionally substituted aryl groups. A non-limiting exemplary arylsulfonyl group is —SO₂Ph.

In the present disclosure, the term “mercaptoalkyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to any of the above-mentioned alkyl groups substituted by a —SH group.

In the present disclosure, the term “carboxy” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to a radical of the formula —COOH.

In the present disclosure, the term “carboxyalkyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to any of the above-mentioned alkyl groups substituted with a —COOH. A non-limiting exemplary carboxyalkyl group is —CH₂CO₂H.

In the present disclosure, the terms “aralkyl” or “arylalkyl” as used by themselves or as part of another group refers to an alkyl group substituted with one, two, or three optionally substituted aryl groups. In one embodiment, the optionally substituted aralkyl group is a C₁₋₄ alkyl substituted with one optionally substituted aryl group. In one embodiment, the optionally substituted aralkyl group is a C₁ or C₂ alkyl substituted with one optionally substituted aryl group. In one embodiment, the optionally substituted aralkyl group is a C₁ or C₂ alkyl substituted with one optionally substituted phenyl group. Non-limiting exemplary optionally substituted aralkyl groups include benzyl, phenethyl, —CHPh₂, —CH₂(4-F-Ph), —CH₂(4-Me-Ph), —CH₂(4-CF₃-Ph), and —CH(4-F-Ph)₂.

In the present disclosure, the terms “(heterocyclo)alkyl” as used by itself or part of another group refers to an alkyl group substituted with an optionally substituted heterocyclo group. In one embodiment, the (heterocyclo)alkyl is a C₁₋₄ alkyl substituted with one optionally substituted heterocyclo group. Non-limiting exemplary (heterocyclo)alkyl groups include:

General Synthesis of Compounds

Compounds of the Disclosure are prepared using methods known to those skilled in the art in view of this disclosure, or by the illustrative methods shown in the General Schemes below. In any of the General Schemes, suitable protecting can be employed in the synthesis, if needed. See Wuts, P. G. M.; Greene, T. W., “Greene's Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis”, 4th Ed., J. Wiley & Sons, NY, 2007.

In General Scheme 1, a compound having Formula XIV, wherein R^(7b) is hydrogen, is reacted with a compound having Formula XV in an organic solvent to give a compound having Formula I, wherein X is —C(═O)N(H)—. Compounds having Formula XIV may be prepared as described in US 2014/0256706 and US 2015/0246923. Compounds having Formula XV may be prepared using methods known in the art and/or as illustrated in the Examples below. Suitable amine-to-amide coupling reagents and conditions e.g., HATU/base, HBTU/base, or EDCI/HOBt/base, are well known in the art. See Montalbetti and Falque, Tetrahedron 61:10827-10852 (2005).

In General Scheme 2, a compound having Formula XIV wherein R^(7b) is hydrogen, is reacted with a compound having Formula XVI in an organic solvent to give a compound having Formula II, wherein X is —C(═O)N(H)—.

In General Scheme 3, a compound having Formula XIV wherein R^(7b) is hydrogen, is reacted with a compound having Formula XVII in an organic solvent to give a compound having Formula III, wherein X is —C(═O)N(H)—.

EXAMPLES Example 1 Synthesis of Cpd. No. 1

General Scheme to prepare ethyl 2-amino-6-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)-5-methoxy-1H-indole-3-carboxylate (K6)

Step 1: Synthesis of K4

K3 (2.26 g, 20 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous DMF (50 mL) and the solution was cooled to 0° C. NaH (1.2 g, 60% in mineral oil, 30 mmol) was added in small portions. The resulting reaction mixture was stirred for 0.5 h at 0° C. and an anhydrous DMF solution of known compounds K1 and K2 (20 mmol, see J. Med. Chem. 55:449-464 (2012), was added. The resulting solution was stirred at 0° C. for 3 h before quenching with 1 N HCl. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate and combined organic layers were washed with brine and dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄. The volatile components were removed on a rotary evaporator and the residue was purified by flash column chromatogram. The desired product K4 was isolated as colorless oil with impurity of the other regioisomer (4.17 g, 61% yield). ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.41 (s, 1H), 7.11 (s, 1H), 5.60 (s, 1H), 4.24 (q, J=7.03 Hz, 2H), 4.01 (s, 3H), 1.25 (t, J=7.14 Hz, 3H).

Step 2: Synthesis of K5

K4 (1.43 g, 4.2 mmol), 3,5-dimethyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)isoxazole (2.34 g, 10.5 mmol), and K₂CO₃ (2.03 g, 14.7 mmol) were added to a round-bottom flask. DME (30 mL) and water (15 mL) were added at room temperature. The solution was degassed, then Pd(PPh₃)₄ (242 mg, 0.21 mmol) was added in one portion. The solution was again degassed, then heated at reflux for 14 h. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate, the combined organic layers were washed with brine, then dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄. The volatile components were removed on a rotary evaporator and the residue was purified by flash column chromatogram. The desired product K5 was isolated in >80% yield (1.47 g, contaminated with isomers and pinacol components). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 300 MHz): 8.10 (s, 1H), 7.27 (s, 1H), 5.78 (s, 1H), 4.35 (q, J=7.12 Hz, 2H), 3.99 (s, 3H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 2.18 (s, 3H), 1.37 (t, J=7.14 Hz, 3H).

Step 3: Synthesis of K6

To an AcOH (30 mL) solution of K5 (1.47 g) at 80° C., 0.8 g Zn powder was added in small portions. The mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 1 h, another 0.8 g Zn powder was added, and the reaction was kept at the same temperature for 2 h. The reaction was cooled, filtered, and washed with AcOH. The AcOH solution was combined and the volatile components were removed on a rotary evaporator. Purification by flash column chromatogram furnished the desired product K6 (0.55 g, ca, 40% yield). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 300 MHz): 8.01 (br, s, 1H), 7.44 (s, 1H), 6.78 (s, 1H), 5.73 (br, s, 2H), 4.40 (q, J=7.08 Hz, 2H), 3.82 (s, 3H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.15 (s, 3H), 1.45 (t, J=7.08 Hz, 3H). ESI-MS calculated for C₁₇H₂₀N₃O₄ [M+H]⁺: 330.15, Obtained: 330.25.

Step 4: Synthesis of ZBA89

To a round-bottom flask, K6 (0.37 g, 1.1 mmol) and ethyl cyanoformate (3 mL) were added at room temperature. Hydrogen chloride solution in dioxane was added and the reaction mixture was warmed up to reflux (82° C.) for 2.5 h. The reaction was then cooled to room temperature and the volatile components were removed on a rotary evaporator. To this crude mixture, 10% NaOH aqueous solution (20 mL) and EtOH (50 mL) were added and the solution was heated at reflux for 6 h. The volatile components were then removed on a rotary evaporator and the aqueous residue was acidified with 2N HCl aqueous solution. The product ZBA89 was allowed to precipitate at 0° C. Filtration of the mixture furnished pure ZBA89 as a solid in 0.31 g (80% yield, 2 steps). ESI-MS calculated for C₁₇H₁₅N₄O₅ [M+H]⁺=355.10, Obtained: 355.45.

Step 5: Synthesis of ZBA97

To a round-bottom flask, EDCI (0.7 g) and DMAP (0.1 g) were added to a solution of ZBA89 (0.2 g) in MeOH (100 mL) and DCM (30 mL) at room temperature. The mixture was stirred for 2 days and the volatile components were removed on a rotary evaporator. Then ethyl acetate (40 mL) was added. The product ZBA97 was allowed to precipitate. Filtration of the mixture furnished pure ZBA97 as a solid in 0.12 g (60% yield). ¹H NMR (300 MHz, MeOD-d4) δ 7.86 (s, 1H), 7.39 (s, 1H), 4.07 (s, 3H), 3.93 (s, 3H), 2.34 (s, 3H), 2.17 (s, 3H).

Step 6: Synthesis of ZBA104

To a round-bottom flask, ZBA97 (0.278 g) and POCl₃ (8 mL) were added. The mixture was heated at 90° C. for 6 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and the volatile components were removed on a rotary evaporator. Water (20 mL) and ethyl acetate (20 mL) were added and the pH was adjusted to 8 using NaHCO₃ saturated aqueous solution. Filtration of the mixture furnished ZBA104 as a brown solid in 0.208 g. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, MeOD-d4) δ 8.02 (s, 1H), 7.55 (s, 1H), 4.07 (s, 3H), 3.99 (s, 3H), 2.37 (s, 3H), 2.20 (s, 3H).

Step 7: Synthesis of Cpd. No. 138

Pd₂(dba)₃ (18 mg) and BINAP (26 mg) were mixed in anhydrous toluene. And the mixture was heated at reflux for 3-4 minutes. This mixture was transferred into a round-bottom flask containing ZBA104 (60 mg), 3-cyclopropyl-1-ethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-amine (84 mg), K₃PO₄ (130 mg), and toluene (2 mL). The mixture was heated at reflux for overnight before quenching with methanol. Then MeOH (4 mL), H₂O (4 mL) and LiOH (10 mg) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. Then the reaction mixture was acidified with 2N HCl aqueous solution and was purified by HPLC to yield Cpd. No. 138 as a CF₃CO₂H salt in 10 mg. ESI-MS calculated for C₂₅H₂₆N₇O₄ [M+H]⁺=488.20; Observed: 488.4.

Step 8: Synthesis of S1

To a round-bottom flask, 3-hydroxyphthalic anhydride (1 g, 6.09 mmol) and 3-aminoperidine-2,6-dione hydrochloride (1.0 g, 6.09 mmol) were mixed in 50 mL of toluene. Triethyl amine (0.93 mL, 6.7 mmol) was added. The resulting reaction mixture was heated to reflux for 12 h with Dean-Stark Trap equipment. After cooling to ambient temperature, evaporation of most of the solvent to give a crude product, which was purified by flash column chromatography with DCM:EA to get the desired product as a slightly yellow solid 51 (1.5 g, 90% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d⁶) δ (ppm) 11.16 (s, 1H), 11.08 (s, 1H), 7.65 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.32 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.25 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 5.07 (dd, J=12.8 Hz, J=5.2 Hz, 1H), 2.93-2.84 (m, 1H), 2.61-2.46 (m, 1H), 2.05-2.01 (m, 1H).

Step 9: Synthesis of S2

To a round-bottom flask, S1 (1.5 g, 5.5 mmol) was dissolved in 10 mL of DMF.

To the stirred solution, KI (91 mg, 0.55 mmol) and KHCO₃ (826 mg, 8.25 mmol) were added. Then tert-butyl bromoacetate (0.98 mL, 6.6 mmol) was dropwised. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 12 h. After normal workup with EtOAc and saturated brine, the combined organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄. After filtration and evaporation, the residue was purified by flash column chromatography with DCM: EA to get the desired product S2 as a white solid (1.7 g, 80% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d⁶) δ (ppm) 11.13 (s, 1H), 7.80 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.48 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.38 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 5.13 (dd, J=12.8 Hz, J=5.2 Hz, 1H), 4.97 (s, 2H), 2.97-2.85 (m, 1H), 2.65-2.52 (m, 2H), 2.14-2.03 (m, 1H), 1.43 (s, 9H); ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d⁶) δ (ppm) 173.2, 170.3, 167.5, 167.2, 165.6, 155.5, 137.2, 133.7, 120.4, 116.9, 116.3, 66.0, 60.2, 49.3, 31.4, 28.1, 22.5.

Step 10: Synthesis of S3

To a round-bottom flash, S2 (1.7 g, 4.4 mmol) was dissolved in 8.0 mL of TFA. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. After evaporation of the solvent, the residue was used in the following steps without further purification. ESI-MS calculated for C₁₅H₁₃N₂O₇ [M+H]⁺=333.07, obtained: 333.17. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d⁶) δ (ppm) 13.16 (s, 1H), 11.11 (s, 1H), 7.80 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.48 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.40 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 5.11 (dd, J=12.8 Hz, J=5.2 Hz, 1H), 4.99 (s, 2H), 2.95-2.86 (m, 1H), 2.63-2.48 (m, 2H), 2.08-2.03 (m, 1H).

Step 11: Synthesis of S4

To a round-bottom flask, S3 (99.7 mg, 0.3 mmol) was dissolved in 2 mL of anhydrous DMF. N-Boc-1,4-butanediamine (68 mg, 0.36 mmol), HATU (137 mg, 0.36 mmol) and DIPEA (157 μL, 0.9 mmol) were added sequentially. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h, and then purified by HPLC to get the desired compound S4 as a slightly yellow solid (128 mg, 85% yield).

Step 12: Synthesis of S5

To a round-bottom flask, S4 (15.1 mg, 0.03 mmol) was dissolved in 3 mL of DCM and TFA (2:1). After stirring for 1 h, the solvent was evaporated to give the crude product S5, which was used in the next step without further purification. ESI-MS calculated for C₁₉H₂₃N₄O₆ [M+H]⁺=403.16, obtained: 403.17.

Step 13: Synthesis of Cpd. No. 1

To a round-bottom flask, N,N-diisopropylethylamine (50 mg) were added to a solution of Cpd. No. 138 (20 mg), HATU (20 mg), and S5 (40 mg) in DMF (1 mL) at room temperature. The mixture was stirred for 30 min and purified by HPLC to yield Cpd. No. 1 as a CF₃CO₂H salt in 10 mg. ESI-MS calculated for C₄₄H₄₆N₁₁O₉ [M+H]⁺=872.3; Observed: 872.5.

Example 2 Synthesis of Cpd. No. 2

Step 1: Synthesis of S7

To a round-bottom flask, S3 (99.7 mg, 0.3 mmol) was dissolved in 2 mL of anhydrous DMF. tert-butyl (3-(2-(2-(3-aminopropoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)propyl)carbamate (68 mg, 0.36 mmol), HATU (137 mg, 0.36 mmol) and DIPEA (157 μL, 0.9 mmol) were added sequentially. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h, and then purified by HPLC to get the desired compound S7 as a slightly yellow solid (128 mg, 85% yield).

Step 2: Synthesis of Cpd. No. 74

To a round-bottom flask, S7 (15 mg) was dissolved in 3 mL of DCM and TFA (2:1). After stirring for 1 h, the solvent was evaporated to give the crude product Cpd. No. 74, which was used in the next step without further purification. ESI-MS calculated for C₂₅H₃₅N₄O₉ [M+H]⁺=535.24, obtained: 535.14.

Step 3: Synthesis of Cpd. No. 2

To a round-bottom flask, N,N-diisopropylethylamine (50 mg) were added to a solution of Cpd. No. 138 (20 mg), HATU (20 mg), and Cpd. No. 74 (40 mg) in DMF (1 mL) at room temperature. The mixture was stirred for 30 min and purified by HPLC to yield Cpd. No. 2 as a CF₃CO₂H salt in 11 mg. ESI-MS calculated for C₅₀H₅₈N₁₁O₁₂ [M+H]⁺=1004.4; Observed: 1004.6.

Example 3 Synthesis of Cpd. No. 3

Step 1: Synthesis of S16

To a round-bottom flask, 3-nitrophthalic anhydride (5.79 g, 30 mmol) and p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (571 mg, 3 mmol) were mixed in 20 mL of benzyl alcohol. The mixture was heat to 100° C. to stir overnight. After cooling to room temperature, benzyl bromide (7.1 mL, 45 mmol), KI (498 mg, 3 mmol), KHCO₃ (9.0 g, 90 mmol) and DMF (25 mL) were added. The mixture was heated to 100° C. for 6 h. After the reaction was cooled to room temperature, the solvent was evaporated as much as possible and was poured into larger amount of water. The solution was extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layer was washed with brine and dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄. After filtration and evaporation, the crude residue was purified by flash column chromatography with hexane/ethyl acetate to give S16 as a slightly yellow solid (9.4 g, 80% yield).

Step 2: Synthesis of S17

To a round-bottom flask, compound S16 (9.4 g, 24 mmol) was dissolved in 100 mL of ethyl acetate. Then Tin (II) chloride dehydrate (11.3 g, 50 mmol) was added portion wisely to the reaction mixture. The resulting reaction mixture was heated to 50° C. to stir overnight. Aqueous NaOH and NaHCO₃ solution were added to the reaction mixture to quench the reaction. The reaction mixture was filtered through celite and washed with ethyl acetate. The filtrate was extracted with ethyl acetate and brine. The combined organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄. After filtration and evaporation, the crude residue was purified by flash column chromatography with hexane/ethyl acetate to give compound S17 as a slightly yellow solid (7.8 g, 90% yield).

Step 3: Synthesis of S18

To a round-bottom flask, compound S17 (2.0 g, 5.54 mmol) and KI (100 mg, 0.56 mmol) were added to 10 mL of anhydrous DMF. Tert-butyl bromoacetate (2.4 mL, 16.6 mmol) and DIPEA (4.8 mL, 27.7 mmol) were added to the reaction mixture. The reaction mixture was heated to 90° C. to stir overnight. After cooling to room temperature, most of the solvent was evaporated and the residue was purified by column chromatography with hexane/ethyl acetate to give compound S18 as a slightly yellow solid (1.05 g, 40% yield).

Step 4: Synthesis of S19

To a round-bottom flask, compound S18 (1.0 g, 2.1 mmol) was dissolved in 20 mL of methanol. 100 mg of Pd/C (10 wt %) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature under 1 atm H₂ atmosphere. Once the starting material disappeared by TLC, the mixture was filtrated through celite and washed with methanol. After evaporation of the solvent, 3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione hydrochloride (380 mg, 2.31 mmol) and 20 mL of pyridine were added. The reaction mixture was heated to 110° C. to stir overnight. After cooling to room temperature, the solvent was evaporated as much as possible and the residue was poured into water. After extraction with ethyl acetate for three times, the combined organic layer was washed with brine and dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄. After filtration and evaporation, the crude residue was purified by flash column chromatography with DCM/ethyl acetate to give compound S19 as a yellow solid (325 mg, 40% yield).

Step 5: Synthesis of S20

To a round-bottom flash, S19 (1.7 g) was dissolved in 8.0 mL of TFA. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. After evaporation of the solvent, the residue was used in the following steps without further purification. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d⁶) δ (ppm) 12.91 (s, 1H), 11.10 (s, 1H), 7.59 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.08 (d, J=6.80 Hz, 1H), 6.99 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.86 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 5.08 (dd, J=13.2 Hz, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 4.12 (d, J=5.2 Hz, 2H), 2.94-2.85 (m, 1H), 2.63-2.49 (m, 2H), 2.09-2.07 (m, 1H); ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d⁶) δ (ppm) 173.3, 171.9, 170.5, 169.3, 167.8, 146.3, 136.6, 132.5, 118.2, 111.5, 110.1, 60.2, 49.1, 31.5, 22.6.

Step 6: Synthesis of S21

Following the procedure for S4 synthesis, compound S21 was synthesized with S20 (99.7 mg, 0.3 mmol), amine (115 mg, 0.36 mmol), HATU (137 mg, 0.36 mmol) and DIPEA (157 μL, 0.9 mmol). ESI-MS calculated for C₃₀H₄₃N₅NaO₁₀ [M+Na]⁺=656.29, obtained: 656.26.

Step 7: Synthesis of Cpd. No. 75

To a round-bottom flask, S21 (15.1 mg) was dissolved in 3 mL of DCM and TFA (2:1). After stirring for 1 h, the solvent was evaporated to give crude product Cpd. No. 75, which was used in the next step without further purification.

Step 8: Synthesis of Cpd. No. 3

To a round-bottom flask, N,N-diisopropylethylamine (50 mg) were added to a solution of Cpd. No. 138 (20 mg), HATU (20 mg), and Cpd. No. 75 (40 mg) in DMF (1 mL) at room temperature. The mixture was stirred for 30 min and purified by HPLC to yield Cpd. No. 3 as a CF₃CO₂H salt in 14 mg. ESI-MS calculated for C₅₀H₅₉N₁₂O₁₁ [M+H]⁺=1003.4; Observed: 1003.5. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, MeOD) δ 7.51 (s, 1H), 7.44 (t, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.26 (s, 1H), 6.95 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 6.76 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 6.11 (s, 1H), 5.00 (dd, J=12.7, 5.3 Hz, 1H), 4.25-4.14 (m, 2H), 3.92 (s, 2H), 3.87 (s, 3H), 3.69-3.40 (m, 16H), 2.91-2.58 (m, 3H), 2.35 (s, 3H), 2.19 (s, 3H), 2.12-1.96 (m, 2H), 1.97-1.86 (m, 2H), 1.76-1.65 (m, 2H), 1.47 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H), 1.08-1.01 (m, 2H), 0.84-0.74 (m, 2H).

Example 4 Synthesis of Cpd. No. 4

Step 1: Synthesis of S13

To a round-bottom flask, 3-fluorophthalic anhydride (6.64 g, 40 mmol), 3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione hydrochloride (6.58 g, 40 mmol) and sodium acetate (3.94 g, 48 mmol) were mixed in 120 mL of acetic acid. The resulting reaction mixture was heated to reflux at 140° C. for 12 h. After cooling to room temperature, most of acetic acid was evaporated and the residue was purified by flash column chromatography with DCM/MeOH to get S13 as a slightly yellow solid (9.7 g, 88% yield). ESI-MS calculated for C₁₃H₁₀FN₂O₄ [M+H]⁺=277.06, obtained: 277.02. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d⁶) δ (ppm) 11.15 (s, 1H), 7.98-7.93 (m, 1H), 7.80-7.72 (m, 2H), 5.17 (dd, J=13.2 Hz, J=5.2 Hz, 1H), 2.95-2.86 (m, 1H), 2.64-2.47 (m, 2H), 2.10-2.06 (m, 1H);

Step 2: Synthesis of S14

To a round-bottom flask, S13 (276 mg, 1.0 mmol) was dissolved in 3.0 mL of anhydrous DMF. Amine (320 mg, 1.0 mmol) and DIPEA (259 mg, 2.0 mmol) were added. The reaction mixture was stirred at 90° C. for 12 h. The mixture was cooled to room temperature, poured into water and extracted with ethyl acetate for two times. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄. After filtration and evaporation, the crude residue was purified by HPLC with H₂O/MeCN to give compound S14 as colorless oil (172 mg, 30% yield). ESI-MS calculated for C₂₈H₄₁N₄O₉ [M+H]⁺=577.2; Observed: 577.3.

Step 3: Synthesis of Cpd. No. 76

To a round-bottom flask, S14 (15 mg) was dissolved in 3 mL of DCM and TFA (2:1). After stirring for 1 h, the solvent was evaporated to give crude product Cpd. No. 76, which was used in the next step without further purification.

Step 4: Synthesis of Cpd. No. 4

To a round-bottom flask, N,N-diisopropylethylamine (50 mg) were added to a solution of Cpd. No. 138 (20 mg), HATU (20 mg), and Cpd. No. 76 (40 mg) in DMF (1 mL) at room temperature. The mixture was stirred for 30 min and purified by HPLC to yield 14 mg of Cpd. No. 4 as a CF₃CO₂H salt. ESI-MS calculated for C₄₈H₅₆N₁₁O₁₀ [M+H]⁺=946.4; Observed: 946.5. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, MeOD) δ 7.55 (s, 1H), 7.39-7.30 (m, 2H), 6.86 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 6.80 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 6.20 (s, 1H), 4.97 (dd, J=11.7, 4.4 Hz, 1H), 4.23 (q, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 3.88 (s, 3H), 3.71-3.48 (m, 16H), 2.86-2.57 (m, 3H), 2.36 (s, 3H), 2.19 (s, 3H), 2.08-1.99 (m, 2H), 1.95-1.86 (m, 2H), 1.83-1.74 (m, 2H), 1.48 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H), 1.12-1.04 (m, 2H), 0.87-0.80 (m, 2H).

Example 5 Synthesis of Cpd. No. 5

Step 1: Synthesis of S9

To a round-bottom flask, 2-(2-(2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethanol (2.9 g, 15 mmol) was diluted in 10 mL of ethanol. Di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (3.6 g, 16.5 mmol) was dissolved in 10 mL of ethanol and the solution was dropwised within a period of 10 min. The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. After evaporation of the solvent, the residue was purified by column chromatography with DCM/MeOH to obtain S9 as colorless oil (3.69 g, 80% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ (ppm) 5.49 (s, 1H), 3.46-3.25 (m, 14H), 3.02 (s, 2H), 1.18 (s, 9H); ESI-MS calculated for C₁₃H₂₇NNaO₆ [M+Na]⁺=316.17, obtained: 316.18.

Step 2: Synthesis of S10

To a round-bottom flask, S9 (3.69 g, 12 mmol) was diluted in 100 mL of DCM. After cooling to 0° C., 4-toluenesulfonyl chloride (2.75 g, 14.4 mmol) and triethyl amine (2.51 mL, 18 mmol) were added sequentially. The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 30 min and then room temperature for 2 h. After workup with DCM and saturated NaHCO₃ solution, the combined organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄. After filtration and evaporation, the residue was purified by column chromatography with hexane: ethyl acetate to give S10 as colorless oil (4.98 g, 90% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ (ppm) 7.76 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.31 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 4.12 (m, 2H), 3.67-3.47 (m, 12H), 3.25-3.23 (m, 2H), 2.40 (s, 3H), 1.39 (s, 9H); ESI-MS calculated for C₂₀H₃₃NNaO₈S [M+Na]⁺=470.18, obtained: 470.20.

Step 3: Synthesis of S11

To a round-bottom flask, Si (274 mg, 1.0 mmol) and S10 (492 mg, 1.1 mmol) were mixed in 5.0 mL of anhydrous DMF. KI (17 mg, 0.1 mmol) and KHCO₃ (150 mg, 1.5 mmol) were added sequentially. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 12 h. After evaporation of most of the solvent, the residue was purified by column chromatography with DCM/MeOH to get S11 as colorless oil (453 mg, 82% yield). ESI-MS calculated for C₂₅H₃₆N₃O₁₀Na [M+Na]⁺=572.22, obtained: 572.13.

Step 4: Synthesis of Cpd. No. 77

To a round-bottom flask, S11 (15 mg) was dissolved in 3 mL of DCM and TFA (2:1). After stirring for 1 h, the solvent was evaporated to give crude product Cpd. No. 77, which was used in the next step without further purification. ESI-MS calculated for C₂₁H₂₈N₃O₈ [M+Na]⁺=450.19, obtained: 450.20.

Step 5: Synthesis of Cpd. No. 5

To a round-bottom flask, N,N-diisopropylethylamine (50 mg) were added to a solution of Cpd. No. 138 (20 mg), HATU (20 mg), and Cpd. No. 77 (40 mg) in DMF (1-mL) at room temperature. The mixture was stirred for 30 min and purified by HPLC to yield Cpd. No. 5 as a CF₃CO₂H salt in 14 mg. ESI-MS calculated for C₄₆H₅₁N₁₀O₁₁ [M+H]⁺=919.3; Observed: 919.5.

Example 6

Synthesis of Cpd. No. 6

Step 1: Synthesis of S23

To a round-bottom flask, methyl 3-bromo-2-(bromomethyl)benzoate (50 mg) and Et₃N (60 mg) were added to a solution of 3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione (30 mg) in CH₃CN (5 mL). The mixture was stirred for 10 hours at 60° C. and purified by flash column chromatography to yield S23 in 30 mg. ESI-MS calculated for C₁₃H₁₂BrN₂O₃ [M+H]⁺=323.0; Observed: 323.2.

Step 2: Synthesis of S24

To a round-bottom flask, S23 (50 mg) and tert-butyl pent-4-yn-1-ylcarbamate (50 mg) were added to a solution of CuI (6.3 mg) and Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (11 mg) in THF (5 mL) and Et₃N (2 mL). The mixture was stirred for 10 hours at 70° C. under Ar and purified directly by flash column chromatography to yield S24 in 20 mg. ESI-MS calculated for C₂₃H₂₈N₃O₅ [M+H]⁺=426.2; Observed: 426.4.

Step 3: Synthesis of Cpd. No. 78

S24 (30 mg) was dissolved in MeOH (10 mL). 5 mg 10% Pd/C was added. the reaction mixture was degassed 2 times, each time replacing the vacuum with hydrogen, then stirred at room temperature under H₂ overnight. The mixture was filtered and concentrated on a rotary evaporator to give the crude which was dissolved in 3 mL of DCM and TFA (2:1). After stirring for 1 h, the solvent was evaporated to give crude product Cpd. No. 78, which was used in the next step without further purification. ESI-MS calculated for C₁₈H₂₄N₃O₃ [M+H]⁺=330.1; Observed: 330.4.

Step 4: Synthesis of Cpd. No. 6

To a round-bottom flask, N,N-diisopropylethylamine (50 mg) were added to a solution of Cpd. No. 138 (20 mg), HATU (20 mg), and Cpd. No. 78 (40 mg) in DMF (1 mL) at room temperature. The mixture was stirred for 30 min and purified by HPLC to yield 10 mg of Cpd. No. 6 as a CF₃CO₂H salt. ESI-MS calculated for C₄₃H₄₇N₁₀O₆ [M+H]⁺=799.3; Observed: 799.5.

Example 7 Synthesis of Cpd. No. 9

Step 1: Synthesis of Cpd. No. 81

To a round-bottom flask, S13 (276 mg, 1.0 mmol) was dissolved in 3.0 mL of anhydrous DMF. tert-butyl (4-aminobutyl)carbamate (320 mg) and DIPEA (259 mg, 2.0 mmol) were added. The reaction mixture was stirred at 90° C. for 12 h. The mixture was cooled to room temperature, poured into water and extracted with ethyl acetate for two times. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄. After filtration and evaporation, the crude residue was dissolved in 3 mL of DCM and TFA (2:1). After stirring for 1 h, the solvent was evaporated to give the crude which was purified by HPLC with H₂O/MeCN to give compound Cpd. No. 81 as colorless oil (100 mg). ESI-MS calculated for C₁₇H₂₁N₄O₄ [M+H]⁺=345.1; Observed: 345.4.

Step 2: Synthesis of Cpd. No. 9

To a round-bottom flask, N,N-diisopropylethylamine (50 mg) were added to a solution of Cpd. No. 138 (20 mg), HATU (20 mg), and Cpd. No. 81 (40 mg) in DMF (1 mL) at room temperature. The mixture was stirred for 30 min and purified by HPLC to yield 17 mg of Cpd. No. 9 as a CF₃CO₂H salt. ESI-MS calculated for C₄₂H₄₄N₁₁O₇ [M+H]⁺=814.3; Observed: 814.5.

Example 8 Synthesis of Cpd. No. 13

Step 1: Synthesis of Cpd. No. 85

To a round-bottom flask, S13 (276 mg, 1.0 mmol) was dissolved in 3.0 mL of anhydrous DMF. tert-butyl (2-(2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl)carbamate (320 mg) and DIPEA (259 mg, 2.0 mmol) were added. The reaction mixture was stirred at 90° C. for 12 h. The mixture was cooled to room temperature, poured into water and extracted with ethyl acetate for two times. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄. After filtration and evaporation, the crude residue was dissolved in 3 mL of DCM and TFA (2:1). After stirring for 1 h, the solvent was evaporated to give the crude which was purified by HPLC with H₂O/MeCN to give Cpd. No. 85 as colorless oil (130 mg). ESI-MS calculated for C₁₉H₂₅N₄O₆ [M+H]⁺=405.1; Observed: 405.4.

Step 2: Synthesis of Cpd. No. 13

To a round-bottom flask, N,N-diisopropylethylamine (50 mg) were added to a solution of Cpd. No. 138 (20 mg), HATU (20 mg), and Cpd. No. 85 (40 mg) in DMF (1 mL) at room temperature. The mixture was stirred for 30 min and purified by HPLC to yield 12 mg of Cpd. No. 13 as a CF₃CO₂H salt. ESI-MS calculated for C₄₄H₄₈N₁₁O₉ [M+H]⁺=874.3; Observed: 874.2.

Example 9 Synthesis of Cpd. No. 59

Step 1: Synthesis of S28

To a round-bottom flask, S23 (50 mg) and tert-butyl (2-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)ethyl)carbamate (60 mg) were added to a solution of CuI (6.3 mg) and Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (11 mg) in THF (5 mL) and Et₃N (2 mL). The mixture was stirred for 10 hours at 70° C. under Ar and purified directly by flash column chromatography to yield 22 mg of S28. ESI-MS calculated for C₂₃H₂₈N₃O₆ [M+H]⁺=442.1; Observed: 442.3.

Step 2: Synthesis of Cpd. No. 95

S28 (30 mg) was dissolved in MeOH (10 mL). 5 mg 10% Pd/C was added. the reaction mixture was degassed 2 times, each time replacing the vacuum with hydrogen, then stirred at room temperature under H₂ overnight. The mixture was filtered and concentrated on a rotary evaporator to give the crude which was dissolved in 3 mL of DCM and TFA (2:1). After stirring for 1 h, the solvent was evaporated to give crude product Cpd. No. 95, which was used in the next step without further purification. ESI-MS calculated for C₁₈H₂₄N₃O₄ [M+H]⁺=346.1; Observed: 346.3.

Step 3: Synthesis of Cpd. No. 59

To a round-bottom flask, N,N-diisopropylethylamine (50 mg) were added to a solution of Cpd. No. 138 (20 mg), HATU (20 mg), and Cpd. No. 95 (40 mg) in DMF (1 mL) at room temperature. The mixture was stirred for 30 min and purified by HPLC to yield 10 mg of Cpd. No. 59 as a CF₃CO₂H salt. ESI-MS calculated for C₄₃H₄₇N₁₀O₇ [M+H]⁺=815.3; Observed: 815.4.

Example 10 Synthesis of Cpd. No. 60

Step 1: Synthesis of S30

To a round-bottom flask, 3-bromophthalic anhydride (6.64 g), 3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione hydrochloride (6.58 g, 40 mmol) and sodium acetate (3.94 g, 48 mmol) were mixed in 120 mL of acetic acid. The resulting reaction mixture was heated to reflux at 140° C. for 12 h. After cooling to room temperature, most of acetic acid was evaporated and the residue was purified by flash column chromatography with DCM/MeOH to get S130 as a solid (7 g). ESI-MS calculated for C₁₃H₁₀BrN₂O₄ [M+H]⁺=336.9, obtained: 336.9.

Step 2: Synthesis of S31

To a round-bottom flask, S30 (50 mg) and tert-butyl pent-4-yn-1-ylcarbamate (50 mg) were added to a solution of CuI (6.3 mg) and Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (11 mg) in THF (5 mL) and Et₃N (2 mL). The mixture was stirred for 10 hours at 70° C. under Ar and purified directly by flash column chromatography to yield 14 mg of S31. ESI-MS calculated for C₂₃H₂₆N₃O₆ [M+H]⁺=440.1; Observed: 440.3.

Step 3: Synthesis of Cpd. No. 125

S31 (30 mg) was dissolved in MeOH (10 mL). 5 mg 10% Pd/C was added. the reaction mixture was degassed 2 times, each time replacing the vacuum with hydrogen, then stirred at room temperature under H₂ overnight. The mixture was filtered and concentrated on a rotary evaporator to give the crude which was dissolved in 3 mL of DCM and TFA (2:1). After stirring for 1 h, the solvent was evaporated to give crude product Cpd. No. 125, which was used in the next step without further purification. ESI-MS calculated for C₁₈H₂₂N₃O₄ [M+H]⁺=344.1; Observed: 344.4.

Step 4: Synthesis of Cpd. No. 60

To a round-bottom flask, N,N-diisopropylethylamine (50 mg) were added to a solution of Cpd. No. 138 (20 mg), HATU (20 mg), and Cpd. No. 125 (40 mg) in DMF (1 mL) at room temperature. The mixture was stirred for 30 min and purified by HPLC to yield 10 mg of Cpd. No. 60 as a CF₃CO₂H salt. ESI-MS calculated for C₄₃H₄₅N₁₀O₇ [M+H]⁺=813.3; Observed: 813.4.

Example 11 Synthesis of Cpd. No. 61

Step 1: Synthesis of S33

To a round-bottom flask, S30 (50 mg) and tert-butyl (2-(2-(2-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl)carbamate (60 mg) were added to a solution of CuI (6.3 mg) and Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (11 mg) in THF (5 mL) and Et₃N (2 mL). The mixture was stirred for 10 hours at 70° C. under Ar and purified directly by flash column chromatography to yield S33 in 18 mg. ESI-MS calculated for C₂₇H₃₄N₃O₉ [M+H]⁺=544.2; Observed: 544.4.

Step 2: Synthesis of Cpd. No. 126

S33 (30 mg) was dissolved in MeOH (10 mL) and 5 mg 10% Pd/C was added. The reaction mixture was degassed 2 times, each time replacing the vacuum with hydrogen, then stirred at room temperature under H₂ overnight. The mixture was filtered and concentrated on a rotary evaporator to give the crude which was dissolved in 3 mL of DCM and TFA (2:1). After stirring for 1 h, the solvent was evaporated to give crude product Cpd. No. 126, which was used in the next step without further purification. ESI-MS calculated for C₂₂H₃₀N₃O₇ [M+H]⁺=448.2; Observed: 448.3.

Step 3: Synthesis of Cpd. No. 61

To a round-bottom flask, N,N-diisopropylethylamine (50 mg) were added to a solution of Cpd. No. 138 (20 mg), HATU (20 mg), and Cpd. No. 126 (50 mg) in DMF (1 mL) at room temperature. The mixture was stirred for 30 min and purified by HPLC to yield 15 mg of Cpd. No. 61 as a CF₃CO₂H salt. ESI-MS calculated for C₄₇H₅₃N₁₀O₁₀ [M+H]⁺=917.3; Observed: 917.4.

Example 12 Synthesis of Cpd. No. 62

Step 1: Synthesis of S35

To a round-bottom flask, S30 (50 mg) and tert-butyl (2-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)ethyl)carbamate (60 mg) were added to a solution of CuI (6.3 mg) and Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (11 mg) in THF (5 mL) and Et₃N (2 mL). The mixture was stirred for 10 hours at 70° C. under Ar and purified directly by flash column chromatography to yield 19 mg of S35. ESI-MS calculated for C₂₃H₂₆N₃O₇ [M+H]⁺=456.1; Observed: 456.3.

Step 2: Synthesis of Cpd. No. 127

S35 (30 mg) was dissolved in MeOH (10 mL). 5 mg 10% Pd/C was added. the reaction mixture was degassed 2 times, each time replacing the vacuum with hydrogen, then stirred at room temperature under H₂ overnight. The mixture was filtered and concentrated on a rotary evaporator to give the crude which was dissolved in 3 mL of DCM and TFA (2:1). After stirring for 1 h, the solvent was evaporated to give crude product Cpd. No. 127, which was used in the next step without further purification. ESI-MS calculated for C₁₈H₂₂N₃O₅ [M+H]⁺=360.1; Observed: 360.2.

Step 3: Synthesis of Cpd. No. 62

To a round-bottom flask, N,N-diisopropylethylamine (50 mg) were added to a solution of Cpd. No. 138 (20 mg), HATU (20 mg), and Cpd. No. 127 (50 mg) in DMF (1 mL) at room temperature. The mixture was stirred for 30 min and purified by HPLC to yield 15 mg of Cpd. No. 62 as a CF₃CO₂H salt. ESI-MS calculated for C₄₃H₄₅N₁₀O₈ [M+H]⁺=829.3; Observed: 829.5.

Example 13 Synthesis of Cpd. No. 63

Step 1: Synthesis of Cpd. No. 128

To a round-bottom flask, N,N-diisopropylethylamine (50 mg) were added to a solution of 3-(4-amino-1-oxoisoindolin-2-yl)piperidine-2,6-dione (20 mg), HATU (30 mg), and 2,2-dimethyl-4-oxo-3,8,11-trioxa-5-azatetradecan-14-oic acid (50 mg) in DMF (1 mL) at room temperature. The mixture was stirred for 30 min and the solvent was evaporated as much as possible and the residue was poured into water. After extraction with ethyl acetate for three times, the combined organic layer was washed with brine and dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄. After filtration and evaporation, the crude residue was dissolved in 3 mL of DCM and TFA (2:1). After stirring for 1 h, the solvent was evaporated to give the crude product which was purified by flash column chromatography to yield Cpd. No. 128. ESI-MS calculated for C₂₀H₂₇N₄O₆[M+H]⁺=419.1; Observed: 419.2.

Step 2: Synthesis of Cpd. No. 63

To a round-bottom flask, N,N-diisopropylethylamine (50 mg) were added to a solution of Cpd. No. 138 (20 mg), HATU (20 mg), and Cpd. No. 128 (50 mg) in DMF (1 mL) at room temperature. The mixture was stirred for 30 min and purified by HPLC to yield 13 mg of Cpd. No. 63 as a CF₃CO₂H salt. ESI-MS calculated for C₄₅H₅₀N₁₁O₉ [M+H]⁺=888.3; Observed: 888.5.

Example 14 Synthesis of Cpd. No. 64

Step 1: Synthesis of Cpd. No. 129

To a round-bottom flask, N,N-diisopropylethylamine (50 mg) were added to a solution of 3-(4-amino-1-oxoisoindolin-2-yl)piperidine-2,6-dione (20 mg), HATU (30 mg), and 2,2-dimethyl-4-oxo-3,8,11,14-tetraoxa-5-azaheptadecan-17-oic acid (50 mg) in DMF (1 mL) at room temperature. The mixture was stirred for 30 min and the solvent was evaporated as much as possible and the residue was poured into water. After extraction with ethyl acetate for three times, the combined organic layer was washed with brine and dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄. After filtration and evaporation, the crude residue was dissolved in 3 mL of DCM and TFA (2:1). After stirring for 1 h, the solvent was evaporated to give the crude product which was purified by flash column chromatography to yield Cpd. No. 129. ESI-MS calculated for C₂₂H₃₁N₄O₇[M+H]⁺=463.2; Observed: 463.4.

Step 2: Synthesis Cpd. No. 64

To a round-bottom flask, N,N-diisopropylethylamine (50 mg) were added to a solution of Cpd. No. 138 (20 mg), HATU (20 mg), and Cpd. No. 129 (50 mg) in DMF (1 mL) at room temperature. The mixture was stirred for 30 min and purified by HPLC to yield 17 mg of Cpd. No. 64 as a CF₃CO₂H salt. ESI-MS calculated for C₄₇H₅₄N₁₁O₁₀ [M+H]⁺=932.4; Observed: 932.5.

Example 15

The following Compounds of the Disclosure were prepared using the illustrative methods described in the General Schemes, Examples 1-14 and/or methods known to those skilled in the art in view of this disclosure.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d₄) δ 7.48-7.43 (m, 2H), 7.37-7.33 (m, 1H), 6.86 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 6.82 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 5.02 (dd, J=12.7, 5.5 Hz, 1H), 4.26 (q, J=7.3 Hz, 2H), 3.89 (s, 3H), 3.73-3.65 (m, 4H), 3.38-3.32 (m, 10H), 2.68 (s, 2H), 2.37 (s, 3H), 2.20 (s, 3H), 2.12-2.03 (m, 1H), 1.51 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H), 1.21-1.14 (m, 2H), 0.94-0.90 (m, 2H). UPLC-MS (ESI⁺): m/z calculated for C₄₆H₅₁N₁₁O₁₀ (M+H)⁺: 918.38 found 918.32.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d₄) δ 7.42 (s, 1H), 7.30 (s, 1H), 7.13-7.06 (m, 1H), 6.70 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 6.57 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 5.00 (dd, J=12.7, 5.5 Hz, 1H), 4.24 (q, J=7.3 Hz, 2H), 3.88 (s, 3H), 3.80-3.63 (m, 4H), 3.36-3.24 (m, 8H), 2.90-2.74 (m, 2H), 2.73-2.61 (m, 1H), 2.37 (s, 3H), 2.20 (s, 3H), 2.17-2.14 (m, 1H), 2.14-2.00 (m, 1H), 1.49 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 3H), 1.17-1.12 (m, 2H), 0.93-0.86 (m, 2H). UPLC-MS m/z calculated for C₄₄H₄₇N₁₁O₉ (M+H)⁺: 874.36 found 874.45.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d₄) δ 7.54 (s, 1H), 7.46 (s, 1H), 7.39-7.36 (m, 1H), 7.02 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 6.93 (d, J=7.1 Hz, 1H), 5.49 (s, 1H), 5.05-4.98 (m, 1H), 4.24-4.17 (q, J=7.3 Hz, 2H), 3.98 (s, 2H), 3.89 (s, 3H), 3.37-3.22 (m, 6H), 3.00 (s, 2H), 2.88-2.84 (m, 2H), 2.68-2.64 (m, 2H), 2.34 (s, 3H), 2.17 (s, 3H), 1.98-1.91 (m, 1H), 1.73-1.68 (m, 2H), 1.48 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 3H), 1.15-1.05 (m, 2H), 0.89-0.81 (m, 2H). UPLC-MS (ESI⁺): m/z calculated for C₄₄H₄₇N₁₁O₇ (M+H)⁺: 842.37 found 842.36.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d₄) δ 7.55-7.49 (m, 2H), 7.39 (s, 1H), 7.04 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 6.98 (d, J=7.1 Hz, 1H), 4.89-4.81 (m, 1H), 4.18 (q, J=7.3 Hz, 2H), 3.89 (s, 3H), 3.70-3.56 (m, 2H), 3.52-3.42 (m, 2H), 3.35 (d, J=1.4 Hz, 2H), 2.34 (s, 3H), 2.17 (s, 3H), 2.05-2.01 (m, 4H), 1.88-1.79 (m, 1H), 1.44 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 3H), 1.09-1.01 (m, 2H), 0.82-0.73 (m, 2H). UPLC-MS (ESI⁺): m/z calculated for C₄₁H₄₁N₁₁O₇ (M+H)⁺: 800.32 found 800.23.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d₄) δ 7.51-7.42 (m, 2H), 7.38 (s, 1H), 6.98 (d, J=8.9 Hz, 1H), 6.88 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 6.08 (s, 1H), 4.93-4.97 (m, 1H), 4.15 (q, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 3.88 (s, 3H), 3.52-3.48 (m, 2H), 3.35 (s, 4H), 2.74-2.53 (m, 2H), 2.34 (s, 3H), 2.17 (s, 3H), 2.05-1.93 (m, 4H), 1.78-1.64 (m, 2H), 1.42 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H), 1.40-1.34 (m, 1H), 1.08-0.96 (m, 2H), 0.80-0.73 (m, 2H). UPLC-MS (ESI⁺): m/z calculated for C₄₃H₄₅N₁₁O₇ (M+H)⁺: 828.35 found 828.35.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d₄) δ 7.55-7.48 (m, 1H), 7.46 (s, 1H), 7.33-7.27 (m, 1H), 7.20 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.01 (d, J=7.1 Hz, 1H), 6.16 (s, 1H), 5.05-4.95 (m, 1H), 4.20 (q, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.87 (s, 3H), 3.72-3.70 (m, 2H), 3.66-3.62 (m, 2H), 2.83-2.73 (m, 1H), 2.71-2.58 (m, 2H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 2.16 (s, 3H), 1.99-1.97 (m, 1H), 1.46 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H), 1.11-1.02 (m, 2H), 0.83-0.79 (m, 2H). UPLC-MS (ESP): m/z calculated for C₄₀H₃₉N₁₁O₇ (M+H)⁺: 786.30 found 786.18.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d₄) δ 7.56 (s, 1H), 7.49 (s, 1H), 7.43-7.39 (m, 1H), 7.03 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 6.78-6.74 (m, 1H), 4.97-4.93 (m, 1H), 4.25 (q, J=7.3 Hz, 2H), 3.93 (s, 3H), 3.83-3.73 (m, 4H), 3.71-3.69 (m, 2H), 3.51-3.48 (m, 2H), 2.67-2.65 (m, 2H), 2.50-2.45 (m, 1H), 2.37 (s, 3H), 2.20 (s, 3H), 2.09-1.97 (m, 1H), 1.46 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 3H), 1.18-1.10 (m, 2H), 0.90-0.87 (m, 2H). UPLC-MS (ESI⁺): m/z calculated for C₄₂H₄₃N₁₁O₈(M+H)⁺: 830.33 found 830.23.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d₄) δ 7.47-7.38 (m, 2H), 7.23 (s, 1H), 6.94-6.86 (m, 2H), 6.05 (s, 1H), 5.03-4.97 (m, 1H), 4.16 (q, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 3.85 (d, J=1.4 Hz, 3H), 3.60-3.52 (m, 6H), 3.50-3.42 (m, 2H), 3.42-3.34 (m, 2H), 2.89-2.77 (m, 1H), 2.66 (d, J=1.4 Hz, 2H), 2.33 (d, J=1.3 Hz, 3H), 2.16 (d, J=1.3 Hz, 3H), 2.11-2.03 (m, 1H), 1.98-1.93 (m, 1H), 1.89 (t, J=6.2 Hz, 2H), 1.79 (t, J=6.2 Hz, 2H), 1.65 (s, 6H), 1.44 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 3H), 1.05-0.91 (m, 2H), 0.78-0.73 (m, 2H). UPLC-MS (ESP): m/z calculated for C₄₈H₅₅N₁₁O₉ (M+H)⁺: 930.42 found 930.32.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d₄) δ 7.51-7.43 (m, 2H), 7.35 (s, 1H), 6.99 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 6.96 (d, J=7.1 Hz, 1H), 5.04-4.98 (m, 1H), 4.22 (q, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.88 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 3H), 3.72-3.49 (m, 24H), 3.42 (t, J=5.2 Hz, 2H), 3.38-3.34 (m, 2H), 3.28-3.23 m, 2H), 2.76-2.68 (m, 1H), 2.66 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 4H), 2.34 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 3H), 2.17 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 3H), 2.09-1.98 (m, 1H), 1.48 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 1.13-1.07 (m, 2H), 0.87-0.81 (m, 2H). UPLC-MS (ESI⁺): m/z calculated for C₅₄H₆₇N₁₁O₁₄ (M+H)⁺: 1094.49 found 1094.36.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 12.14 (s, 1H), 11.07 (s, 1H), 9.22 (s, 1H), 7.89 (s, 1H), 7.53-7.47 (m, 1H), 7.35 (s, 1H), 7.05 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 6.97 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 6.60-6.52 (m, 1H), 5.94 (s, 1H), 5.03 (m, 1H), 4.60 (s, 2H), 3.87 (s, 3H), 3.33-3.25 (m, 2H), 2.94-2.80 (m, 1H), 2.57-2.53 (m, 2H), 2.48-2.43 (m, 2H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 2.10 (s, 3H), 2.03-1.94 (m, 2H), 1.85-1.77 (m, 2H), 1.55-1.50 (m, 2H), 1.23 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H), 0.80-0.73 (m, 2H), 0.59-0.53 (m, 2H). UPLC-MS (ESI⁺): m/z calculated for C₄₂H₄₅N₁₁O₆(M+H)⁺: 800.36 found 800.71.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 11.95 (s, 1H), 11.07 (s, 1H), 9.02 (s, 1H), 7.95 (s, 1H), 7.56-7.49 (m, 1H), 7.26 (s, 1H), 7.21 (s, 1H), 7.10-7.06 (m, 2H), 7.02-6.94 (m, 1H), 5.87 (s, 1H), 5.07-4.98 (m, 1H), 4.48-4.39 (m, 2H), 3.82 (s, 3H), 3.37-3.34 (m, 2H), 2.89 (s, 3H), 2.73 (s, 3H), 2.33-2.29 (m, 4H), 1.64-1.55 (m, 4H), 1.29 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H), 1.23 (s, 2H), 0.85-0.81 (m, 2H), 0.63-0.57 (m, 2H). UPLC-MS (ESI⁺): m/z calculated for C₄₂H₄₄N₁₀O₇ (M+H)⁺: 801.34 found 801.51.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d₄) δ 7.98 (s, 1H), 7.51 (s, 1H), 7.36-7.27 (m, 2H), 7.07 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 6.87 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 5.91 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 5.18-5.12 (m, 1H), 4.33-4.28 (m, 4H), 4.04 (q, J=7.3 Hz, 2H), 3.88 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 3H), 3.00 (d, J=1.5 Hz, 4H), 2.86 (d, J=1.5 Hz, 4H), 2.33 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 3H), 2.16 (d, J=1.5 Hz, 3H), 1.92-1.86 (m, 2H), 1.40 (q, J=7.3 Hz, 3H), 0.97-0.91 (m, 2H), 0.71-0.66 (m, 2H). UPLC-MS (ESI⁺): m/z calculated for C₄₂H₄₇N₁₁O₅ (M+H)⁺: 786.38 found 786.34.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d₄) δ 7.42 (s, 1H), 7.39-7.33 (m, 1H), 7.32 (s, 1H), 6.87 (d, J=3.8 Hz, 1H), 6.85 (d, J=5.3 Hz, 1H), 5.91 (s, 1H), 5.05-5.00 (m, 1H), 4.35 (s, 2H), 4.03 (q, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.85 (s, 3H), 3.73 (t, J=5.4 Hz, 2H), 3.70-3.65 (m, 4H), 3.65-3.60 (m, 2H), 3.52-3.46 m, 4H), 3.29-3.23 (m, 2H), 2.86-2.79 (m, 2H), 2.73-2.66 (m, 2H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 2.16 (s, 3H), 2.04-1.99 (m, 2H), 1.96-1.88 (m, 2H), 1.84-1.78 (m, 2H), 1.39 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H), 0.98-0.89 (m, 2H), 0.72-0.66 (m, 2H). UPLC-MS (ESIK⁺): m/z calculated for C₄₈H₅₇N₁₁O₉ (M+H)⁺: 932.43 found 932.42.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d₄) δ 7.46 (s, 1H), 7.45-7.41 (m, 1H), 7.34 (s, 1H), 6.97 (d, J=7.1 Hz, 1H), 6.91 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 5.91 (s, 1H), 5.05-5.00 (m, 1H), 4.32 (s, 2H), 4.04 (q, J=7.3 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (s, 3H), 3.63 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 2H), 3.51 (t, J=5.4 Hz, 2H), 3.41-3.36 (m, 2H), 3.37-3.34 (m, 12H), 2.66 (s, 2H), 2.31 (s, 3H), 2.15 (s, 3H), 1.95-1.90 (m, 1H), 1.80-1.73 (m, 2H), 1.67-1.61 (m, 2H), 1.40 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 3H), 0.97-0.91 (m, 2H), 0.72-0.66 (m, 2H). UPLC-MS (ESI⁺): m/z calculated for C₄₈H₅₇N₁₁O₈ (M+H)⁺: 916.44 found 916.47.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ (ppm) 7.48 (s, 1H), 7.39 (s, 1H), 7.23 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.70-6.75 (m, 2H), 6.23 (s, 1H), 5.06 (dd, J=13.2 Hz, J=5.2 Hz, 1H), 4.34 (s, 2H), 4.24 (q, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.90 (s, 3H), 3.77-3.72 (m, 4H), 3.70-3.65 (m, 2H), 3.45 (t, J=5.2 Hz, 2H), 2.86-2.76 (m, 1H), 2.69-2.64 (m, 1H), 2.40-2.30 (m, 1H), 2.35 (s, 3H), 2.18 (s, 3H), 2.08-1.98 (m, 1H), 1.48 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H), 1.13-1.08 (m, 2H), 0.88-0.83 (m, 2H); UPLC-MS (ESI⁺): m/z calculated for C₄₂H₄₆N₁₁O₇ (M+H)⁺: 816.36 found 816.14.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ (ppm) 7.46 (s, 1H), 7.29-7.23 (m, 2H), 7.10 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 6.86 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 6.12 (s, 1H), 5.13 (dd, J=13.2 Hz, J=5.2 Hz, 1H), 4.33 (s, 2H), 4.2 (q, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.89 (s, 3H), 3.69-3.62 (m, 12H), 3.39-3.29 (m, 4H), 2.89-2.79 (m, 2H), 2.48-2.44 (m, 1H), 2.35 (s, 3H), 2.18 (s, 3H), 2.03-1.99 (m, 1H), 1.48 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H), 1.07-1.04 (m, 2H), 0.82-0.78 (m, 2H); UPLC-MS (ESI⁺): m/z calculated for C₄₆H₅₄N₁₁O₉ (M+H)⁺: 904.41 found 904.36.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ (ppm) 7.48 (s, 1H), 7.41-7.37 (m, 2H), 7.24 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.11 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.27 (s, 1H), 5.16 (dd, J=13.2 Hz, J=5.2 Hz, 1H), 4.46-4.39 (m, 2H), 4.26 (q, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 3.89 (s, 3H), 3.52-3.25 (m, 4H), 2.96-2.76 (m, 2H), 2.50-2.43 (m, 1H), 2.34 (s, 3H), 2.17 (s, 3H), 2.03-1.98 (m, 4H), 1.49 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H), 1.15-1.10 (m, 2H), 0.88-0.84 (m, 2H); UPLC-MS (ESI⁺): m/z calculated for C₄₂H₄₆N₁₁O₆ (M+H)⁺: 800.36 found 800.39.

¹H NMR (300 MHz, CD₃OD) δ (ppm) 7.46 (s, 1H), 7.32-7.27 (m, 2H), 7.12 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.89 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 6.10 (s, 1H), 5.14 (dd, J=13.2 Hz, J=5.4 Hz, 1H), 4.33 (s, 2H), 4.19 (q, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.88 (s, 3H), 3.67-3.59 (m, 16H), 3.37-3.33 (m, 4H), 2.88-2.74 (m, 2H), 2.48-2.45 (m, 1H), 2.35 (s, 3H), 2.18 (s, 3H), 2.05-1.96 (m, 1H), 1.47 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H), 1.06-1.02 (m, 2H), 0.80-0.77 (m, 2H); UPLC-MS (ESI⁺): m/z calculated for C₄₈H₅₈N₁₁O₁₀ (M+H)⁺: 948.44 found 948.42.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ (ppm) 7.48 (s, 1H), 7.38 (s, 1H), 7.20 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.11 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.95 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.27 (s, 1H), 5.09 (dd, J=13.2 Hz, J=5.2 Hz, 1H), 4.36 (s, 2H), 4.25 (q, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.89 (s, 3H), 3.70-3.60 (m, 8H), 3.42-3.33 (m, 4H), 2.86-2.75 (m, 2H), 2.46-2.41 (m, 1H), 2.34 (s, 3H), 2.17 (s, 3H), 2.05-2.01 (m, 1H), 1.48 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H), 1.14-1.11 (m, 2H), 0.88-0.86 (m, 2H); UPLC-MS (ESI⁺): m/z calculated for C₄₄H₅₀N₁₁O₈ (M+H)⁺: 860.38 found 860.24.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ (ppm) 7.41 (s, 1H), 7.22 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.10 (s, 1H), 7.01 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 6.77 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 5.91 (s, 1H), 5.11 (dd, J=13.2 Hz, J=5.2 Hz, 1H), 4.27 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 2H), 4.11 (q, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.83 (s, 3H), 3.65-3.51 (m, 12H), 3.37-3.35 (m, 2H), 3.27-3.23 (m, 2H), 2.89-2.82 (m, 1H), 2.77-2.71 (m, 1H), 2.45-2.40 (m, 1H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 2.16 (s, 3H), 1.96-1.91 (m, 1H), 1.86-1.82 (m, 4H), 1.42 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H), 0.97-0.91 (m, 2H), 0.70-0.65 (m, 2H); UPLC-MS (ESI⁺): m/z calculated for C₄₈H₅₈N₁₁O₉ (M+H)⁺: 932.44 found 932.40.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ (ppm) 7.42 (s, 1H), 7.25 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.14 (s, 1H), 7.05 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 6.81 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 5.11 (dd, J=13.2 Hz, J=4.4 Hz, 1H), 4.29 (s, 2H), 4.14 (q, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 3.85 (s, 3H), 3.65-3.26 (m, 16H), 2.87-2.82 (m, 1H), 2.78-2.72 (m, 1H), 2.45-2.41 (m, 1H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 2.16 (s, 3H), 1.99-1.86 (m, 3H), 1.44 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 3H), 0.99-0.96 (m, 2H), 0.74-0.69 (m, 2H); UPLC-MS (ESI⁺): m/z calculated for C₄₇H₅₆N₁₁O₉ (M+H)⁺: 918.43 found 918.35.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ (ppm) 7.44 (s, 1H), 7.17-7.14 (m, 2H), 6.98 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.74 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 5.06 (dd, J=13.2 Hz, J=5.2 Hz, 1H), 4.25 (s, 2H), 4.12 (q, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.84 (s, 3H), 3.65-3.25 (m, 12H), 2.87-2.79 (m, 1H), 2.72-2.68 (m, 1H), 2.41-2.36 (m, 1H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 2.15 (s, 3H), 1.94-1.84 (m, 3H), 1.42 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H), 0.97-0.93 (m, 2H), 0.70-0.66 (m, 2H); UPLC-MS (ESI⁺): m/z calculated for C₄₅H₅₂N₁₁O₈ (M+H)⁺: 874.40 found 874.30.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ (ppm) 7.57 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 7.47 (s, 1H), 7.41-7.37 (m, 3H), 6.18 (s, 1H), 5.13 (dd, J=13.2 Hz, J=5.2 Hz, 1H), 4.46 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 4.23 (q, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.88 (s, 3H), 3.70-3.56 (m, 12H), 3.50-3.47 (m, 2H), 3.39-3.26 (m, 4H), 2.88-2.83 (m, 1H), 2.78-2.73 (m, 1H), 2.71 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.55-2.43 (m, 1H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 2.16 (s, 3H), 2.05-2.01 (m, 1H), 1.89-1.81 (m, 2H), 1.48 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H), 1.12-1.08 (m, 2H), 0.85-0.83 (m, 2H); UPLC-MS (ESI⁺): m/z calculated for C₄₉H₅₉N₁₀O₁₀ (M+H)⁺: 947.44 found 947.37.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ (ppm) 7.55 (dd, J=2.0 Hz, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 7.41 (s, 1H), 7.38-7.33 (m, 2H), 7.10 (s, 1H), 5.92 (s, 1H), 5.13 (dd, J=13.2 Hz, J=5.2 Hz, 1H), 4.44 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 2H), 4.10 (q, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 3.84 (s, 3H), 3.66-3.49 (m, 12H), 3.38-3.27 (m, 2H), 2.93-2.84 (m, 1H), 2.79-2.73 (m, 1H), 2.69 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.55-2.44 (m, 1H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 2.15 (s, 3H), 1.95-1.91 (m, 1H), 1.91-1.81 (m, 4H), 1.43 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H), 0.97-0.94 (m, 2H), 0.70-0.67 (m, 2H); UPLC-MS (ESI⁺): m/z calculated for C₄₈H₅₇N₁₀O₉ (M+H)⁺: 917.43 found 917.35.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ (ppm) 7.64 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.51 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.45 (s, 1H), 7.41-7.37 (m, 1H), 7.09 (s, 1H), 5.94 (s, 1H), 5.12 (dd, J=13.2 Hz, J=5.2 Hz, 1H), 4.44 (s, 2H), 4.39 (s, 2H), 4.13 (q, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 3.83 (s, 3H), 3.69-3.52 (m, 10H), 3.35-3.27 (m, 2H), 2.90-2.72 (m, 2H), 2.53-2.42 (m, 1H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 2.17 (s, 3H), 1.97-1.86 (m, 3H), 1.43 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H), 0.97-0.94 (m, 2H), 0.70-0.68 (m, 2H); UPLC-MS (ESI⁺): m/z calculated for C₄₈H₅₃N₁₀O₉ (M+H)⁺: 913.40 found 913.45.

Example 16 In Vitro Activity

Cell growth inhibitory activity of representative BET bromodomain degraders was determined using CellTiter-Glo® Luminescent Cell Viability Assay. Cells were seeded in 384-well white opaque cell culture plates at a density of 2,000 cells/well with serially diluted compounds and incubated at 37° C. in an atmosphere of 95% air and 5% CO₂ for 4 days. Cell viability was determined using the CellTiter-Glo® Luminescent Cell Viability Assay Kit (Promega, Madison, Wis.) according to the manufacture's instruction. Briefly, a volume of CellTiter-Glo® Reagent equal to the volume of cell culture medium was added to each well, and then the plates were incubated at room temperature for 10-20 minutes. The luminescent signal was measured using a Tecan Infinite M1000 multimode microplate reader (Tecan, Morrisville, N.C.). The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) was calculated using the GraphPad Prism 5 software (GraphPad Software, La Jolla, Calif.).

TABLE 4 MDA-MB-231 MOLM-13 Cpd. No. IC₅₀ (nM) IC₅₀ (nM) 1 49.5 12.2 2 75.6 16.3 3 94.8 18.2 4 3.5 0.7 5 50.0 6.9 6 1.0 <0.8 7 452.7 65.0 8 57.6 6.3 9 5.6 1.2 10 4.8 0.9 11 8.0 1.6 12 108.7 17.8 13 266.6 8.0 14 33.0 1.2 15 1.7 0.7 16 128.4 10.2 17 329.7 114.6 18 5.4 2.9 19 1416 378.7 20 3.2 0.9 21 543.1 84.6 22 63.8 12.4 23 83.4 16.7 24 74.9 12.1 25 25.1 3.5 59 24.4 0.64 60 11.2 1.2 61 69.6 1.5 62 24.7 3.4 63 230.8 41.5 64 98.7 23.6 65 438.0 47.1 66 274.8 47.3 67 2.0 0.7 68 4.1 1.2 69 16.1 2.9 70 41.0 8.5 72 4.2 1.2

Example 17 Cell Growth Inhibition of BET Degraders in Representative Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cell Lines

Cell growth inhibitory activity of representative BET bromodomain degraders in representative non-small cell lung cancer cell lines was determined using the CellTiter-Glo® Luminescent Cell Viability Assay. See Table 5. Cells were seeded in 384-well white opaque cell culture plates at a density of 2,000 cells/well with serially diluted compounds and incubated at 37° C. in an atmosphere of 95% air and 5% CO₂ for 4 days. Cell viability was determined using the CellTiter-Glo® Luminescent Cell Viability Assay Kit (Promega, Madison, Wis.) according to the manufacture's instruction. Briefly, a volume of CellTiter-Glo® Reagent equal to the volume of cell culture medium was added to each well, and then the plates were incubated at room temperature for 10-20 minutes. The luminescent signal was measured using a Tecan Infinite M1000 multimode microplate reader (Tecan, Morrisville, N.C.). The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) was calculated using the GraphPad Prism 5 software (GraphPad Software, La Jolla, Calif.). Cpd. A is a BET bromodomain inhibitor, see U.S. Appl. No. 62/121,637, having the following structure:

dBET1 is a BET degrader. See Winter et al., Science 348:1376-1381 (2015).

TABLE 5 IC₅₀ (μM) Cancer Cell Line dBET1 Cpd. A Cpd. No. 9 Cpd. No. 4 CALU-1 3.1 2.52 0.009 0.002 SKLU-1 >5 0.04 0.011 0.003 H1975 >5 0.04 0.016 0.003 H520 4.2 0.28 0.011 0.003 H2444 3.0 2.72 0.028 0.004 H1650 2.3 0.43 0.008 0.004 H1648 >5 0.14 0.022 0.005 H1869 >5 0.06 0.093 0.009 CALU6 >5 0.63 0.033 0.009 H2009 >5 0.17 0.034 0.016 H322 >5 0.34 0.093 0.044 H1792 >5 0.13 0.151 0.048 H1299 >5 0.06 0.228 0.069 H2170 >5 0.02 0.195 0.099 A549 >5 0.02 0.157 0.119 H2030 >5 0.11 0.269 0.137 H2228 >5 2.40 0.610 0.174 H1437 >5 0.14 0.818 0.329 H460 >5 1.79 50.960 0.505 H647 >5 0.08 0.789 0.598 H23 >5 0.13 3.072 0.612

Example 18 Cell Growth Inhibition of BET Degraders in Representative Breast Cancer Cell Lines

Cell growth inhibitory activity of representative BET bromodomain degraders in representative breast cancer cell lines was determined using the CellTiter-Glo® Luminescent Cell Viability Assay. See Table 6. SUM-52 and SUM-159 cell lines were established at the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center. All the other breast cancer cell lines were obtained from the ATCC (Manassas, Va.). Cells were seeded in 384-well cell culture plates at a density of 1,000-2,500 cells/well with serially diluted compounds and incubated at 37° C. in an atmosphere of 95% air and 5% CO₂ for 4 days. Cell viability was determined using the CellTiter-Glo® Luminescent Cell Viability Assay Kit (Promega, Madison, Wis.) according to the manufacture's instruction. Briefly, a volume of CellTiter-Glo® Reagent equal to the volume of cell culture medium was added to each well, and then the plates were incubated at room temperature for 20-60 minutes. The luminescent signal was measured using a Tecan Infinite M1000 multimode microplate reader (Tecan, Morrisville, N.C.). The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) was calculated using the GraphPad Prism 5 software (GraphPad Software, La Jolla, Calif.). “Thd” is thalidomide.

TABLE 6 IC₅₀ (μM) Thd + Cpd. A Cell Line dBET Cpd. A (1:1) Cpd. No. 4 MDA-MB-157 1.17 0.86 0.46 0.002 MDA-MB-468 1.39 0.51 0.21 0.002 MDA-MB-453 >5 0.04 0.03 0.002 HCC1187 >5 0.96 1.45 0.003 HCC38 3.70 0.06 0.82 0.004 HCC1954 3.76 1.62 1.58 0.004 HBL-100 >5 0.10 0.14 0.004 MDA-MB-231 1.83 0.22 0.19 0.004 SUM-52 >5 0.39 0.42 0.008 HCC1937 >5 >5 >2.5 0.008 HCC1428 >5 0.05 0.08 0.013 BT-20 >5 2.41 >2.5 0.025 HCC70 >5 0.58 0.64 0.035 SUM-159 >5 0.51 0.44 0.166 HCC1395 >5 1.05 1.14 0.277

Example 19 BET Degraders Induce Degradation of BET Proteins and Apoptosis in MOLM-13 Leukemia Cells

Cells were treated with drugs at the indicated concentrations for the indicated time points. See FIG. 1 and FIG. 2. Collected cells were lysed in lysis buffer [1% CHAPS, 150 mM NaCl, 20 mM Tris-HCl, 1 mM. EDTA, 1 mM EGTA, and COMPLETE proteinase inhibitor (Roche)] for 30 minutes on ice. Protein concentrations were determined using the Bio-Rad Protein Assay Dye reagent. Whole tumor lysates (20 μg) were separated on a 4-20% Novex gels (Invitrogen). The separated proteins were transferred to a PVDF membrane (BIO-RAD) and the PVDF membrane was then blotted with 5% Blotting-Grade Blocker (BIO-RAD) for 1 hour at room temperature. The primary antibodies used were: BRD4 rabbit polyclonal antibody [Bethyl Laboratories, Inc, cat # A301], BRD3 rabbit polyclonal antibody [Bethyl Laboratories, Inc, cat # A302], PARP (46D11) Rabbit mAb [Cell Signaling Technology, CST #9532], Bcl-2 (50E3) Rabbit mAb [Cell Signaling Technology, CST #2870] and GAPDH rabbit polyclonal antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, cat # sc-25778 HRP). The secondary antibody used was horseradish peroxidase conjugated goat anti-rabbit (Thermo Scientific Cat #31460). The BIO-RAD Clarity Western ECL Substrates (BIO-RAD) and HyBlot CL film (Denville) were used for signal development and detection using a SRX-101A tabletop processor (Konica Minolta).

Example 20 BET Degraders Induce Degradation of BET Proteins and Apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells

Cells were treated with drugs at the indicated concentrations for the indicated time points. Collected cells were lysed in lysis buffer [1% CHAPS, 150 mM NaCl, 20 mM Tris-HCl, 1 mM. EDTA, 1 mM EGTA, and COMPLETE proteinase inhibitor (Roche)] for 30 minutes on ice. Protein concentrations were determined using the Bio-Rad Protein Assay Dye reagent. Whole tumor lysates (20 μg) were separated on a 4-20% Novex gels (Invitrogen). The separated proteins were transferred to a PVDF membrane (BIO-RAD) and the PVDF membrane was then blotted with 5% Blotting-Grade Blocker (BIO-RAD) for 1 hour at room temperature. The primary antibodies used were: BRD4 rabbit polyclonal antibody [Bethyl Laboratories, Inc, cat # A301], BRD3 rabbit polyclonal antibody [Bethyl Laboratories, Inc, cat # A302], PARP (46D11) Rabbit mAb [Cell Signaling Technology, CST #9532], Bcl-2 (50E3) Rabbit mAb [Cell Signaling Technology, CST #2870] and GAPDH rabbit polyclonal antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, cat # sc-25778 HRP). The secondary antibody used was horseradish peroxidase conjugated goat anti-rabbit (Thermo Scientific Cat #31460). The BIO-RAD Clarity Western ECL Substrates (BIO-RAD) and HyBlot CL film (Denville) were used for signal development and detection using a SRX-101A tabletop processor (Konica Minolta). See FIG. 3 and FIG. 4. BET degraders induce BRD3 and BRD4 degradation in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells.

Example 21 BET Degraders Induce Degradation of BET Protein in MDA-MB-231 Tumor Tissue in Mice

Pharmacodynimic studies of MDA-MB-231 xenograft tumors treated with BET degraders Cpd. No. 9, see FIG. 5, and Cpd. No. 4. See FIG. 6. MDA-MB-231 xenografts were treated with drugs for the indicated time points. Resected xenograft tumor tissues were grinded into powder in liquid nitrogen and lysed in lysis buffer [1% CHAPS, 150 mM NaCl, 20 mM Tris-HCl, 1 mM. EDTA, 1 mM EGTA, and COMPLETE proteinase inhibitor (Roche)] for 2 freeze-thaw (−80° C. to room temperature) cycles then another 30 minutes on ice. Protein concentrations were determined using the Bio-Rad Protein Assay Dye reagent. Whole tumor lysates (20 μg) were separated on a 4-20% Novex gels (Invitrogen). The separated proteins were transferred to a PVDF membrane (BIO-RAD) and the PVDF membrane was then blotted with 5% Blotting-Grade Blocker (BIO-RAD) for 1 hour at room temperature. The primary antibodies used were: BRD4 rabbit polyclonal antibody [Bethyl Laboratories, Inc, cat # A301], PARP (46D11) Rabbit mAb [CST #9532] and GAPDH rabbit polyclonal antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, cat # sc-25778 HRP). The secondary antibody used was horseradish peroxidase conjugated goat anti-rabbit (Thermo Scientific Cat #31460). The BIO-RAD Clarity Western ECL Substrates (BIO-RAD) and HyBlot CL film (Denville) were used for signal development and detection using a SRX-101A tabletop processor (Konica Minolta).

Example 22 Efficacy of Cpd. No. 9 in MDA-MB-231 Xenograft Model

Compound Preparation

Cpd. No. 9 was dissolved in 10% PCP [10% PEG400 (Sigma)+3% Cremophor (Sigma)+87% PBS (Gibco)]. The pH of the drug solutions were checked before use and adjusted with 0.5N NaOH to be between pH 6.5 and 8.0 for IV (intravenous) administration.

Cell Culture

Human breast tumor cells, MDA-MB-231 (ATCC®) were maintained at 37° C., 95% air, 5% carbon dioxide in Improved MEM (Richter's Mod.) supplemented with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum, 100 units/ml of penicillin and 100 units/ml of streptomycin (GIBCO™, Invitrogen Corp.) and passaged twice weekly.

Xenograft Tumor Cell Injection

Tumor cells for xenografts were harvested with Trypsin (0.05%)-EDTA (0.53 mM) (GIBCO™, Invitrogen Corp.), growth medium added and cells placed on ice. Cells were washed once with 1×PBS (GIBCO™, Invitrogen Corp.) and re-suspended in PBS. After washing in PBS, cells were re-suspended in an ice cold mixture of 1:1 PBS and Matrigel (BD Biosciences, Invitrogen Corp.) for a final Matrigel protein concentration of 5 mg/ml. Cells at 5×10⁶ cells in 0.1 ml were injected subcutaneously (s.c.) into the flank region of each mouse using a 25 gauge needle. All tumors were inoculated into SCID mice (strain:236) C.B-17 SCID, Charles River.

Xenograft Tumor Growth and Weight Monitoring

The size of tumors growing in the mice was measured in two dimensions using calipers. Tumor volume (mm³)=(A×B2)/2 where A and B are the tumor length and width (in mm), respectively. During treatment, tumor volume and body weight were measured three times a week. After the treatment was stopped, tumor volume and body weight was measured at least once a week.

Assessment of Toxicity and End Point

Tumors were not allowed to exceed 10% of the animal's total body weight. If an animal had two or more tumors the total weight of all tumors were not allowed to exceed 10% of the animal's total body weight. At the end of the experimental period or when tumor size approached 10% of the total body weight, the animal was euthanized. Animals that showed profound morbidity or a weight loss of over 20% of body weight were euthanized.

Determination of In Vivo Antitumor Efficacy of Cpd. No. 9

Before treatment began, tumors were allowed to grow to 100-200 mm³ in volume, at which point the blood vessel supplies to the tumor should have been well established. Mice with tumors within acceptable size range were randomized into treatment groups of 7 mice. Cpd. No. 9 was given i.v. The Control group received vehicle alone. See FIG. 7.

Example 23 Cell Growth Inhibition of BET Degraders in Representative Colon Cancer Cell Lines

Cell growth inhibitory activity of representative BET bromodomain degraders in representative colon cancer cell lines, see Table 7, was determined as described in Example 17.

TABLE 7 IC₅₀ (μM) Cell line dBET1 Cpd. A Cpd. No. 9 Cpd. No. 4 Lovo >5 0.044 ± 0.017  0.046 ± 0.049  0.013 ± 0.014 SKCO-1 >5 1.08 ± 0.24 0.023 ± 0.01  0.008 ± 0.004 SW48 2.78 0.0457 0.008 0.006 RKO >5 0.272 ± 0.235  0.241 ± 0.027  0.046 ± 0.001 SW620 >5 >2.5  1.037 ± 1.045  0.038 ± 0.005 SW480 >5 0.567 ± 0.01  0.247 ± 0.06 0.037 ± 0.01 HT-29 >5 0.069 ± 0.001  0.048 ± 0.002 0.032 ± 0.02 HCT116 >5 1.159 ± 0.179 0.585 ± 0.07  0.13 ± 0.03 SW837 >5 0.084 ± 0.02    0.23 ± 0.067 0.076 ± 0.03 SW948 >5 >2.5  1.00 ± 1.07 0.197 ± 0.16 SW403 >5 0.102 ± 0.023 0.219 ± 0.19 0.042 ± 0.01 H508 >5 0.167 ± 0.09   0.41 ± 0.15 0.054 ± 0.03 SW1463 2.73 ± 0.3 >2.5 0.191 ± 0.03 0.031 ± 0.01 T84 >5 0.413 ± 0.1   0.69 ± 0.3  0.11 ± 0.03 LS513 >5 0.915 ± 0.67  0.185 ± 0.06 0.070 ± 0.02 LS123 >5 0.739 ± 0.68  0.074 ± 0.05 0.011 ± 0.01 LS411N >5 0.11 ± 0.09  0.56 ± 0.38   0.1 ± 0.06 LS1034 >5 0.455 ± 0.43  0.368 ± 0.17 0.097 ± 0.02 SW1412 >5 0.04 ± 0.02 0.034 ± 0.02  0.009 ± 0.004

Example 24

Cell Growth Inhibition of BET Degraders in Representative Leukemia Cell Lines

Cell growth inhibitory activity of representative BET bromodomain degraders in representative leukemia cell lines, see Table 8, was determined as described in Example 17.

TABLE 8 IC₅₀ (μM) Cell line dBET1 Cpd. No. 4 MV4; 11 33 0.16 MOLM-13 106 1.0 HL-60 153 0.6 AML-3 0.4 MOLM16 0.3 Mono-Mac6 1.4 SKML 0.2 RS4; 11 0.05 K61 11.8 AML-193 0.04 AML-5 0.5

Example 25 In Vivo Antitumor Activity

For the in vivo efficacy experiments of this example, when tumors reached 80-200 mm³, SCID mice were randomized into groups. Cpd. A, Cpd. No. 4, Cpd. No. 6, or vehicle control (10% PEG400: 3% Cremophor: 87% PBS, or 2% TPGS:98% PEG200) was given at the dose and duration indicated. Tumor sizes and animal weights were measured 2-3 times per week. Tumor volume (mm³)=(length×width²)/2. Tumor growth inhibition was calculated as TGI (%)=(Vc−Vt)/(Vc−Vo)*100, where Vc, Vt are the median of control and treated groups at the end of the study and Vo at the start. All the in vivo studies were performed under an animal protocol approved by the University Committee on Use and Care of Animals of the University of Michigan, in accordance with the recommendations in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals of the National Institutes of Health.

The in vivo antitumor activity of Cpd. No. 4 was determined in the “Washington Human in Mouse (WHIM)” 24 (WHIM24), a patient derived xenograft (PDX) model developed from a patient with treatment-resistant breast cancer (ESR^(E380Q), PR- and HER2-) (Li et al. Cell Rep. 4:1116-30 (2013)).

Cpd. No. 4 at 5 mg/kg, IV, 3 times per week for 3 weeks effectively inhibited WHIM24 tumor growth, similar to the antitumor activity of Cpd. A at 50 mg/kg, daily, oral dosing, 5 days a week for 3 weeks. Cpd. No. 4 at 10 mg/kg, 3 times per week for 3 weeks, induced partial tumor regression during treatment (FIG. 8). Neither Cpd. A nor Cpd. No. 4 caused significant weight loss (data not shown) or apparent toxicity in this model. PD analysis showed that a single IV dose of Cpd. No. 4 (10 mg/kg) reduced the levels of BET proteins by >80% at as early as 1 h and this effect lasted for at least 9 h in WHIM24 tumors (data not shown). Notably, MCL1 protein levels in tumors were markedly reduced at as early as 3 h after Cpd. No. 4 treatment (data not shown). But the protein levels of BRD2, BRD4 and MCL1 started to rebound at 12 h, indicating that BET degradation by Cpd. No. 4 is reversible once the drug is cleared from the tumor tissue. Pharmacokinetics (PK) analysis revealed that, while a single dose of Cpd. No. 4 (10 mg/kg) in tumor bearing mice achieved reasonable drug exposure in plasma and WHIM24 tumors at 1 and 3 h, the drug concentrations diminished rapidly in both plasma and tumors (data not shown).

The in vivo antitumor activity of Cpd. No. 4 was determined in xenograft tumor models of TNBC cell lines.

In MDA-MB-453 xenograft model, Cpd. No. 4 at 5 mg/kg significantly inhibited tumor growth with TGI (%) of 85% at the end of study (FIG. 9). Cpd. A at 50 mg/kg, daily, 5 days a week for 2 weeks, did not inhibit tumor growth. No significant weight loss (data not shown) or apparent toxicity was observed with Cpd. A or Cpd. No. 4.

Cpd. No. 4 at 10 mg/kg, IV, 3 times per week for 2-3 weeks had limited or no antitumor activity in MDA-MB-231 (FIG. 10) and MDA-MB-468 (FIG. 11) models. Pharmacokinetuc (PK) analysis revealed that Cpd. No. 4 had limited drug exposure in the xenograft tumor tissue in these two models (data not shown), in contrast to the good drug exposure in the WHIM24 xenograft tumor tissue.

Cpd. No. 6 at 5 mg/kg, IV, 3 times per week for 3 weeks exerted antitumor activity in both MDA-MB-231 (FIG. 10) and MDA-MB-468 (FIG. 11) xenograft models. The antitumor activity of Cpd. No. 6 was comparable to or stronger than that of Cpd. A at 50 mg/kg, daily oral dosing, 5 days a week for 3 weeks in these models.

Example 26 BET Degrader-Induced Apoptosis

Cpd. No. 4 induces stronger apoptosis than Cpd. A in several TNBC cell lines (FIG. 12). MCL1 is a known apoptosis regulator. To this end, Cpd. No. 4 induced a rapid and time-dependent downregulation of MCL1 protein in MDA-MB-468 cells (FIG. 13) and other TNBC cell lines (data not shown). Down-regulation of MCL1 mRNA by Cpd. No. 4 was observed at as low as 10 nM, similar to that observed for MYC (data not shown). In contrast, MCL1 protein was not down-regulated by Cpd. A in MDA-MB-468 cells (FIG. 13) or any of the other TNBC cell lines tested, but instead was up-regulated in MDA-MB-157, MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 (data not shown). The expression of anti-apoptotic BCL-2 and BCL-XL in these cell lines was not significantly altered by either Cpd. A or Cpd. No. 4 (FIG. 13).

These data suggest that downregulation of MCL1 by Cpd. No. 4 may play a role in its apoptosis induction in TNBC cells.

Example 27 BET Degraders in Combination with BCL Inhibitors

MCL1 and BCL-XL are important but independent determinants of cell survival in TNBC (Goodwin et al., Cell Death Differ 22:2098-106 (2015); Xiao et al., Mol. Cancer Ther. 14:1837-47 (2015); Petrocca et al., Cancer Cell 24:182-96 (2013)). A panel of TNBC cell lines were treated with Cpd. No. 4 in combination with BCL-2 and/or BCL-XL inhibitors, and the excess growth inhibition was computed over the Bliss independence model for each combination pairs (Berenbaum, Adv. Cancer Res., 35:269-335 (1981)). ABT-263 (Tse et al., Cancer Res. 68:3421-8 (2008)) and BM-1197 (Bai et al., PLoS One 2014; 9(6):e99404 doi 10.1371/journal.pone.0099404) were selected as dual BCL-2/BCL-XL inhibitors, A-1153463 as a selective BCL-XL inhibitor (Tao et al., ASC Med. Chem. Lett. 5:1088-93 (2014)) and ABT-199 as a selective BCL-2 inhibitor (Souers et al., Nat. Med. 19:202-8 (2013)).

Modest to strong synergy between Cpd. No. 4 and BCL-XL-targeting BM-1197, ABT-263 and A-1155463 was observed in 6 of the 7 TNBC cell lines tested (data not shown). Immunoblotting and/or Annexin-PI staining confirmed that BM-1197 (250 nM), ABT-263 (250 nM), and A-1155463 (250 nM) potentiated Cpd. No. 4-induced apoptosis (50 nM) in MDA-MB-468 (FIG. 14) and other TNBC cell lines (data not shown). Synergistic induction of apoptosis by Cpd. No. 4 in combination with ABT-199 was only observed in MDA-MB-468 (FIG. 14), indicating that BCL-XL, but not BCL2, is a resistance factor for Cpd. No. 4-induced apoptosis in these cell lines. No clear synergism was observed for Cpd. A with either BM-1197 (FIGS. 15 and 16) or ABT-263 (data not shown). The synergistic apoptosis induction by the combination of Cpd. No. 4 and BM-1197 was also detected in additional TNBC cell lines responsive to Cpd. No. 4-induced apoptosis (BT-20 and MDA-MB-157) (data not shown), further supporting that BCL-XL inhibitors potentiate Cpd. No. 4-induced apoptosis in TNBC.

These data suggest the mechanisms of action observed for Cpd. No. 4 and Cpd. A in TNBC cells are independent of their chemical classes.

It is to be understood that the foregoing embodiments and exemplifications are not intended to be limiting in any respect to the scope of the disclosure, and that the claims presented herein are intended to encompass all embodiments and exemplifications whether or not explicitly presented herein

All patents and publications cited herein are fully incorporated by reference in their entirety. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A compound having Formula I:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein: B is selected from the group consisting of:

R¹ is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, and —N(H)R³; Q¹ is ═CH— and Q² is —N═; or Q¹ is ═N— and Q² is —CH═; or Q¹ is ═N— and Q² is —N═; R³ is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted aryl and optionally substituted heteroaryl; X is selected from the group consisting of —C(═O)N(R^(2a))—, —CH₂N(R^(2b))—, —CH₂O—, —N(R^(2c))—, —O—, and —CH₂—; wherein the nitrogen atom of —C(═O)N(R^(2a))— and —CH₂N(R^(2b))— is attached to L, and the oxygen atom of —CH₂O— is attached to L; L is selected from the group consisting of alkylenyl, heteroalkylenyl, and —(CH₂)_(m)—W—(CH₂)_(n)—; W is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted phenylenyl, optionally substituted 5-membered heteroarylenyl, and optionally substituted 6-membered heteroarylenyl; m is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7; n is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8; Y is selected from the group consisting of —C≡C—, —CH₂—, —O—, —N(R^(2d))—, —C(═O)N(R^(2e))—, —N(R^(2f))C(═O)CH₂O—, and —N(R^(2g))C(═O)CH₂N(R^(2h))—; or Y is absent; wherein the carboxamide nitrogen atom of —N(R^(2f))C(═O)CH₂O— and —N(R^(2g))C(═O)CH₂N(R^(2h))—, and the carbon atom of —C(═O)N(R^(2e))— is attached to L; R^(2a), R^(2b), R^(2c), R^(2d), R^(2e), R^(2f), R^(2g), and R^(2h) are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C₁₋₄ alkyl; Z is selected from the group consisting of —CH₂ and —C(═O)—; and R⁵ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and fluoro, with the proviso that Y is absent when B is B-2.
 2. The compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, having Formula II:


3. The compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, having Formula III:


4. The compound of any one of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein L is C₁₋₁₂ alkylenyl.
 5. The compound of claim 4, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein L is selected from the group consisting of —CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂CH₂—, —CH₂(CH₂)₂CH₂—, —CH₂(CH₂)₃CH₂—, —CH₂(CH₂)₄CH₂—, —CH₂(CH₂)₅CH₂—, and —CH₂(CH₂)₆CH₂—.
 6. The compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein: L is selected from the group consisting of —(CH₂)_(o)O—(CH₂CH₂O)_(p)—(CH₂)_(q)— and —(CH₂)_(r)O—(CH₂)_(s)—O(CH₂)_(t)—; o is 2 or 3; p is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7; q is 2 or 3; r is 2, 3, or 4; s is 3, 4, or 5; and t is 2 or
 3. 7. The compound of claim 6, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein L is selected from the group consisting of —CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂O(CH₂CH₂O)₂CH₂CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂O(CH₂CH₂O)₃CH₂CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂O(CH₂CH₂O)₄CH₂CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂O(CH₂CH₂O)₆CH₂CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂O(CH₂CH₂O)₆CH₂CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂CH₂O(CH₂CH₂O)₂CH₂CH₂CH₂—, and —CH₂CH₂CH₂O(CH₂)₄OCH₂CH₂CH₂—.
 8. The compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, having Formula IV:

wherein: B is B-1; Y is selected from the group consisting of —C≡C—, —CH₂—, and —N(H)—; m is 1, 2, or 3; and n is 0, 1, 2, 3, or
 4. 9. The compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, having Formula V:

wherein: B is B-1; Y is selected from the group consisting of —C≡C—, —CH₂—, and —N(H)—; m is 0, 1, or 2; and n is 0, 1, 2, or
 3. 10. The compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, having Formula VI:

wherein: B is B-1; Y is selected from the group consisting of —C≡C—, —CH₂—, and —N(H)—; R⁶ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and methyl; m is 0, 1, 2, or 3; and n is 1, 2, or
 3. 11. The compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, having Formula VII:

wherein: B is B-1; Y is selected from the group consisting of —C≡C—, —CH₂—, and —N(H)—; R⁶ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and methyl; m is 0, 1, 2, or 3; and n is 1, 2, or
 3. 12. The compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, having Formula VIII:

wherein: B is B-1; Y is selected from the group consisting of —C≡C—, —CH₂—, and —N(H)—; m is 1, 2, or 3; and n is 0, 1, 2, 3, or
 4. 13. The compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, having Formula IX:

wherein: B is B-1; Y is selected from the group consisting of —C≡C—, —CH₂—, and —N(H)—; m is 0, 1, or 2; and n is 0, 1, 2, or
 3. 14. The compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, selected from the group consisting of:


15. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
 16. A method of treating a patient, the method comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of claim 2, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein the patient has cancer.
 17. A kit comprising the compound of claim 2, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, and instructions for administering the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, to a patient having cancer.
 18. A compound having Formula XIV:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein: R¹ is —N(H)R³; Q¹ is ═CH— and Q² is —N═; or Q¹ is ═N— and Q² is —CH═; or Q¹ is ═N— and Q² is —N═; R³ is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted aryl and optionally substituted heteroaryl; R^(7a) is selected from the group consisting of chloro and —OR^(7b); and R^(7b) is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C₁₋₄ alkyl.
 19. A method of reducing BET bromodomain protein within a cell of a patient having cancer in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the patient a compound of claim 2, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof. 